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IP address
Internet identifier including information about how to reach a location(via the Internet routing system)
IP = Internet Protocol
Network Number/Prefix
Host Number
IPv4 addressing-classful
IP address conservation
Subnetting Classless Inter Domain Routing(CIDR) Private IPs and Public IPs Network Address Translation(NAT)
Subnetting
Three-level hierarchy: network, subnet, and host. The extended-network-prefix is composed of the classful network-prefix and the subnetnumber The extended-network-prefix has traditionally been identified by the subnet mask
Network-Prefix Subnet-Number Host-Number
Example: 192.168.0.0/21
LAN
LAN Internet 10.2.3.10 udp 1029 128.178.99.3 udp 3441 10.2.3.11 udp 1029 128.178.99.3 udp 3442
Limitations of NATs
Needs to look inside the packets ICMP, DNS must also be translated Not fully transparent-it is a hack Cannot install server port behind NAT Does not scale to very large networks Exact match instead of longest prefix match Does not work in multi-homed networks
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IPv4
1981 32-bit number
IPv6
1999 128-bit number
Address Format
Number of Addresses Examples of Prefix Notation
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IPv6 datagram
IPv6 Header
Fragment Offset
Version Traffic Class
Flow Label
Flags
Next Header
Hop Limit
Source Address
- fields name kept from IPv4 to IPv6 - fields not kept in IPv6 - Name & position changed in IPv6 - New field in IPv6
Destination Address
ARP (broadcast)
IGMP Optional
Uses broadcasts
Configuration DNS name queries DNS reverse queries
Yes
Manual, DHCP Uses A records Uses IN-ADDR.ARPA
No
Automatic, DHCP Uses AAAA records Uses IP6.INT
Any TCPv6 ?
No, TCP remains unchanged A program that uses TCP or UDP socket must be modified the IP address format is different Is there Ethernetv6 or WiFiv6 ? No, Ethernet and IEEE 802.11 (and all layer 2 protocols) remain unaffected ICMP, DNS must be modified ICMPv6 is the version of ICMP that handles IPv6 error messages Eliminates ARP and RARP in IPv4 Replaces IGMPv4 with MLD DNS remains the same but handles new record formats An A record maps a name to an IPv4 address A AAAA maps a name to an IPv6 address
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IPv6 -Fragmentation
IPv4
Intermediate router fragments datagram when necessary Ultimate destination reassembles
Implementations are expected to perform path MTU discovery to send packets bigger than 1280 octets:
for each destination, start by assuming MTU of first-hop link if a packet reaches a link in which it cannot fit, will invoke ICMP packet too big message to source, reporting the links MTU; MTU is cached by source for specific destination
Thanks