Air Pollution

SITI FURHANAH ULFAH ALI AKBAR NUR INTAN BINTI ZAINAL

TATIANA EDDY TABAK

SEHA BANDU

Air pollution
Gases and particles in the air that are unhealthy for humans, plants and animals. Air pollutants can also be of primary or secondary nature.

Primary nature

Ones that are emitted directly into the atmosphere by the sources (such as power-generating plants).

Secondary nature

Ones that are formed as a result of reactions between primary pollutants and other elements in the atmosphere, such as ozone.

Possibly one of the most important characteristics of air pollutants is their transboundary nature - they can easily travel and affect the areas far away from their points of origination.

Types of Air Pollution

Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides Carbon Monoxide

Ammonia Ozone

Sulfur Dioxide
Colorless gas Suffocating odor that smells like rotten eggs Can irritate eyes, nose, and lungs Contained within Fossil Fuels

Nitrogen Oxides
Made by combustion of fossil fuels and cars There are two types of Nitrogen Oxide Nitric oxide which is colorless Nitrogen dioxide which is a reddish brown

Carbon Monoxide
Highly toxic gas Colorless Odorless Tasteless Caused by fossil fuel combustion

Ammonia

Hazardous caustic gas Agriculture is the main source of ammonia mainly just livestock farming and animal waste

Ozone

Colorless Poisonous Gas Sharp, cold irritating odor Can be found in the stratosphere where it occurs naturally Can also be found in the troposphere where it can be natural or from humans Troposphere Ozone is a pollutant Stratosphere Ozone protects the earth by keeping UV rays from hitting the earth

Effect of air pollution

Global warming

Average increase of the earths temperature and Troposphere Which helps the climate patterns (The weather) change Can occur naturally and with help from human activities

Acid rain When acid chemicals are swept into the air and into areas where it raining and the acid falls to the ground in the form of rain, snow, or fog

Smog

Smoke and fog put together Ozone depletion This is when the Ozone starts to fade away because of the pollution so then the Ozone doesnt protect the earth anymore from the UV rays Cause by human activities Causes Global Warming

Control measures
Ozone depletion Generally target nitrogen oxides(NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the primary contributors to ozone formation in the troposphere. Comprise a set of regulations that specify emission limits or control equipment that are deemed to be reasonable control technology. Acid rain Improvement in technologies and switching to clean combustion technologies are highly essential. Coal with lower sulphur content is desirable to use in thermal plants. Replacement of coal by natural gas would also reduce the problem substantially. Installing scrubbers to reduce smoke stack emissions, though expensive, would be economical compared to the losses due to damage done to lakes, forests, food production and so on.

Global warming Choosing reusable products instead of disposables Smog The need for policy arises, that is Clean Air Act and several government agencies trying to abate such problems as smog. In other words, regulations are enforced against individual polluters based upon a polluter pay principle Controlling industrial emissions of the precursors

Definition
ACIDIC DEPOSITION Arises when sulfuric and nitric acids mix with other airborne particles and fall to the earth as dry or wet deposits.

Anthropogenic sources SO - Fossil-fuel burning primarily by electric power plants. No - Fossil-fuel burning primarily by electric power plants and motor vehicles.

Effects

Ecological and forestry effects:

Acidification of surface waters.

Include respiratory and cardiovascular problems. Visibility impairment. Damage to buildings, statues, and monuments

Health effects:

Aesthetic effects:

Property effects:

Discourage auto use, reduce number of car. Improve public transport. Mandatory carpools. Industrial & household control Reduce emission- burn less fuel. Do not smoke.

Air Pollution Case Study

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