CHAPTER 3:

CONTROL CHART (1) FOR VARIABLE

INTRODUCTION
Visualizing the variations that occur in the central tendency and dispersion of a set of observation.

VARIATION

The axioms or truism of manufacturing is that no two objects are ever made exactly alike.

There are three (3) CATEGORIES of Variations in piece part production;

1. Within piece

2. Piece to-piece
3. Time to time

SOURCE of variation; 1. Equipment

2. Material 3. Environment

4. Operator

The source of variation can contribute to Two (2) TYPES of variations.

1. Random causes inevitable

2. Assignable causes can be reduced

CONTROL CHART
Shows variation of single quality char. within piece/product . A chart with statistical Upper and Lower Limits; if the process stays within these limit over time it is in control and the problem does not exists. TWO types: 1. Variable Control Chart (Pembolehubah) 2. Attribute Control Chart (Sifat) CHAPTER 4

VARIABLE CONTROL CHART

The ability that variation within piece can be measured by using any necessary measurement instrument and tools.
Such as; weight, tall, length and etc..

Objective of Variable Control Chart.

1. For quality improvement. 2. To determine process capability. 3. For decisions in regard to the product process. 4. Current decisions in regard to the production process. 5. Current decisions in regard to recently produced items.

Two (2) TYPES of Variable Chart. 1.

2.

Chart - Range
Chart - Standard deviation

Data and Control Chart

Data Analysis

Chart Analysis

Data Analysis
1. Center Line (CL)

2. Upper Control Limit (UCL)

3. Lower Control Limit

Example 1

Solution

SOLUTION
1. Find control limit (CL)

SOLUTION
2. Upper control limit (UCL) 3. Lower Control Limit (LCL

REVISED SOLUTION
Calculate again data to be in controlled (check)

Where;

REVISED SOLUTION
Then new standard deviations are;

REVISED SOLUTION
Thus new Control Limits for the real operations are;

REVISED SOLUTION

REVISED SOLUTION
Then new Upper and Control Limits;

OBJECTIVE OF REVISED CC
Initiate control charts results in QI Less variation in g average Reduction in R variation Can reduce frequency of inspection - monitoring purpose even once/mth.

CHART
1. Centre Line (CL)

2. Upper Control Limit (UCL)

3. Lower Control Limit (LCL)

SOLUTIONS

PENYELESAIAN
1. Dapatkan garis pusat (CL) untuk

SOLUTIONS
2. UCL & LCL

STATE OF CONTROL CHART

1. IN CONTROL When assignable causes eliminated and points plotted are within C.L.- process state of control No points out of control 2. OUT OF CONTROL

A point falls outside control limits assignable cause present must be investigated, corrected

PROCESS IN CONTROL
Individual parts will be more uniform less variation and fewer rejects Cost of inspection will decrease Process capability easily attained Trouble can be anticipated before it occurs

PROCESS OUT OF CONTROL

Patterns
1. Change/Jump in level shift in mean Causes - process parameters change, diff / new operator, change in raw material
2. Trend or steady change in level drifting mean common, upward or downward direction tool wear, gradual change in temp. viscosity of chemical used

PROCESS OUT OF CONTROL

3. Recurring cycles Wavy, periodic high & low points Seasonal effects of mtl. Recurring effects of temp., humidity (morning vs evening)

4. Trend or steady change in level Many points near or outside limits due to large difference in material quality and supply. 2 or more machines Different test method