Done by : Abdessadek EL KAHAL OCI1

Introduction; The

importance of water; The use of water; Definition of pollution; Definition of water pollution; Types of water pollution; The causes of water pollution; The effects; Some solutions; Conclusion .

Life is a miracle in the universe appeared around 4 billion years ago. And we humans only 200 million years ago, yet we have succeeded in disrupting the balance that is so essential to life. The Earth is 71% water in which 97,5 % is saltwater. If the worlds water were poured into a bucket, only one spoonful would be drinkable.

Water is the common name applied to the liquid form (state) of the hydrogen and oxygen compound H2O. Pure water is an odorless, tasteless, clear liquid. Water is one of nature's most important gifts to mankind. Essential to life, a person's survival depends on drinking water.

Water is one of the most essential elements to good health -- it is necessary for the digestion and absorption of food; helps maintain proper muscle tone; supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cells; rids the body of wastes; and serves as a natural air conditioning system. Health officials emphasize the importance of drinking at least eight glasses of clean water each and every day to maintain good health.

Digestion: la digestion Rise: dbarrasse. Wastes: dchets

- emphasize: met laccent sur - supplies:fournit

Water is a key component in determining the quality of our lives. Today, people are concerned about the quality of the water they drink. Although water covers more than 70% of the Earth, only 1% of the Earth's water is available as a source of drinking. Yet, our society continues to contaminate this precious resource.

a key component: un lment cl Covers: couvre

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Water is one of the most vital natural resources for all life on Earth. The availability and quality of water always have played an important part in determining not only where people can live, but also their quality of life.

Vital: essential

Even though there always has been plenty of fresh water on Earth, water has not always been available when and where it is needed, nor is it always of suitable quality for all uses. Water must be considered as a finite resource that has limits and boundaries to its availability and suitability for use.

Suitable: convenable Boundaries: limites

..\water pollution topic\GOOD Water YouTube.flv

Figure 1 represents the demands on water as a tug-of-war among the various off stream and in stream uses.

Off stream uses (on the left) are those in which water is removed from its source, either by pumping or diversion. In stream uses (on the right) are those in which water remains in place, and typically refers to stream (rather than groundwater). Where water supply is limited, conflicts may result between and among the various uses.

Diversion: drivation Typically: normally

Man uses water for many purposes such as:

Drinking; Irrigation; Home cleaning; Industrial processes; Transportation; Wast disposal

Pollution is an undesirable change in the physico-chemical or biological characteristics of air, water and soil due to addition of materials or energy in quantity and quality, which is harmful to living beings including man. the substances which contaminate air, water and soil are called pollutants.

Gases like:

sulphur oxide (SO2 )

carbon monoxide (CO)

nitro oxides (NO)

Metals

like:

Zinc;

Lead;

mercury;

Chemicals like:
aldehydes;

Detergents;

Herbicides;

Pesticides;

CFCs

Sewage:

Radioactive wastes:

swage: eaux uses;

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.
-discharged: dgager - adequate: convenable

Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resources at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day.
- wells: puits - diarreheal: diarrhiques

-aquifers: aquifres

Some 90% of China's cities suffer from some degree of water pollution, and nearly 500 million people dont have access to safe drinking water. In addition to the serious problems of water pollution in developing countries, developed countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. such as the United States, Japan, Europe

..\water pollution topic\India Water Crisis Environmental Action Project - YouTube.flv

Water pollution can come from a number of different sources. If the pollution comes from a single source, such as an oil spill, it is called point-source pollution. If the pollution comes from many sources, it is called nonpoint-source pollution. Nonpoint pollution is hard to control because the perpetrators cannot be traced.
-Oil spill: dversements de ptrole - the perpetrators: les auteurs

Most types of pollution affect the immediate area surrounding the source. Sometimes the pollution may affect the environment hundreds of miles away from the source, such as nuclear waste, this is called transboundary pollution.

- transboundary:

transfrontires

Surface Water Pollution Ground Water Pollution Microbiological Pollution

Oxygen Depletion Pollution

Nutrient Pollution

Suspended Matter Pollution

Chemical Pollution

 Most visible form of pollution.

We can see it floating on our waters in lakes, streams, and oceans. Trash from human consumption, such as water bottles, plastics and other waste products, is most often evident on water surfaces. This type of pollution also comes from oil spills and gasoline waste, which float on the surface and affect the water and its inhabitants.

A lot of the Earths water is found underground in soil or under rock structures called aquifers. Humans often use aquifers as a means to obtain drinking water, and build wells to access it. When this water becomes polluted it is called groundwater pollution. Groundwater pollution is often caused by highly toxic chemicals and pesticides from farming that leak through the ground to contaminate the wells and aquifers below the surface.

Microbiological pollution is the natural form of water pollution that is caused by microorganisms. Most of these organisms are harmless but some bacteria, viruses, and protozoa can cause serious diseases such as cholera and typhoid. This is a significant problem for people in third world countries who have no clean drinking water and/or facilities to cure the water.

Microorganisms that live in water feed on biodegradable substances. When too much biodegradable material is added to water, the number of microorganisms increase and use up the available oxygen. This is called oxygen depletion. When oxygen levels in the water are depleted, relatively harmless aerobic microorganisms die and anaerobic microorganisms begin to thrive. Some anaerobic microorganisms are harmful to people, animals and the environment, as they produce harmful toxins such as ammonia and sulfides.

Nutrients are essential for plant growth and development. Many nutrients are found in wastewater and fertilizers, and these can cause excess weed and algae growth if large concentrations end up in water. This can contaminate drinking water and clog filters. This can be damaging to other aquatic organisms as the algae use up the oxygen in the water, leaving none for the surrounding marine life.

This type of pollution occurs when pollutants enter the water and do not mix in with the water molecules. These suspended particles form fine silt on the waterbed, harming the marine life by taking away the nutrients and disturbing their habitat.

Industrial and agricultural work involves the use of many different chemicals that can runoff into water and pollute it. Metals and solvents from industrial work can pollute rivers and lakes. These are poisonous to many forms of aquatic life and may slow their development, make them infertile or even result in death.

- Infertile: infertile.

Pesticides are used in farming to control weeds, insects and fungi. Runoffs of these pesticides can cause water pollution and poison aquatic life. Subsequently, birds, humans and other animals may be poisoned if they eat infected fish. Petroleum is another form of chemical pollutant that usually contaminates water through oil spills when a ship ruptures. Oil spills usually have only a localized affect on wildlife but can spread for miles.

- Fungi: champignons

The Exxon Valdez was an oil tanker owned by Exxon corporation, In march 24th 1989, the ship spilled its oil near Alaska destroying the local environment and killing a great deal of the native wild life The gigantic oil spill is the largest ever in the history of the US.

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Because water is important to all species on earth its pollution causes a lot of effects , The effects of water pollution are varied and depend on what chemicals are dumped and in what locations. Here are five important effects of water pollution:

Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are eaten by tiny animals. Later, these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the food chain continues to be disrupted at all higher levels. Eventually, humans are affected by this process as well. People can get diseases such as hepatitis by eating seafood that has been poisoned.

- shellfish: l'hpatite

Infectious diseases such as typhoid and cholera can be contracted from drinking contaminated water. The human heart and kidneys can be adversely affected if polluted water is consumed regularly. Other health problems associated with polluted water are poor blood circulation, skin lesions, vomiting, and damage to the nervous system. Water pollution is the main cause of human death around the globe.

3) the overall chemistry of the water:

4) Marine food :

Pollutants in the water will alter the overall chemistry of the water. Causing changes in acidity, temperature and conductivity. These all have affect on marine life.

Marine food sources are contaminated. Or in other words eliminated. This is the result of both; garbage dumped by individuals, and dangerous chemicals legally or illegally dumped by industries.

-alter: modifier -the overall: l'ensemble

(due to human actions) this can kill the marine life and affect the delicate ecological balance in bodies of water, especially lakes and rivers. This phenomenon is also caused by Global warming.

..\water pollution topic\The Effects of Water Pollution on Marine Life - YouTube.flv This is a video about the effects of pollution on marine life

In the United States and other developed nations, there are strong laws to protect clean water. The US Clean Water Act in the 1970s did improve water quality over the subsequent decade or two. the act called for "zero discharge of pollutants into navigable waters by 1985, and fishable and swimmable waters by 1983." Yet almost all surface waters in the US still suffer some level of pollution and discharges are still permitted.

Beyond laws, there are some practical solutions that can be implemented by society and by us as individuals. these solutions are:

Encouraging smart agricultural practices... Reducing urban/suburban runoff of lawn fertilizers and pesticides...

Reducing Nutrient and Pesticide Pollution this can be done by:

implemented: mise en oeuvre. Lawn fertilizers: les angrais de gazon.

Reducing Sewage Pollution

More specifically, we should:

Improve sewage treatment;

Conserve water; Stopping Deforestation

A healthy forest acts like a sponge to soak up the rains when they come, holding the water and filtering it before it makes its way to nearby streams, lakes, and rivers. When all the trees are cut down, the forest ecosystem dies and can no longer perform this service. Rain water rushes directly into streams, flowing over exposed soil, picking up and carrying sediment pollution into nearby waterways.

Reducing Pollution from Oil and Petroleum Liquids The first-level solution to this type of water pollution is to stop letting so much oil and oil byproducts get into the water in the first place. Yes, we must reduce the occurrences of oil spills; but more importantly, we must reduce the amount of petroleum pollution getting into waterways from non-spill sources, which contribute far more to the problem than spills.

Cleaning Up Chemical Pollution Buy organic food. Stop all use of chemical pesticides.

- the occurrences: les accidents

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Water is life, and by destroying it we destroy the chance of having a good life.

Its up to us to preserve it for the next generation and every one can make a difference because the activist is not the person who says the river is dirty, the activist is the person who cleans the river up

Because Modern societies will find no solution to the ecological problems unless it takes a serious look at its lifestyle. So I hope this has changed your view point on the concept of water pollution and that youll try to do something about it,