OLAP v/s OLTP

Presented By: Amrita Mathur

A producer wants to know.

Which are our Which are our lowest/highest margin lowest/highest margin customers ?? customers What is the most What is the most effective distribution effective distribution channel? channel?

Who are my customers Who are my customers and what products and what products are they buying? are they buying?

What product promWhat product prom-otions have the biggest -otions have the biggest impact on revenue? impact on revenue? What impact will What impact will new products/services new products/services have on revenue have on revenue and margins? and margins?

Which customers Which customers are most likely to go are most likely to go to the competition ?? to the competition

Data, Data everywhere yet ... I cant find the data I need
data is scattered over the network many versions, subtle differences

I cant get the data I need

need an expert to get the data

I cant understand the data I found

available data poorly documented

I cant use the data I found

results are unexpected data needs to be transformed from one form to other
4

What is a Data Warehouse?

A single, complete and consistent store of data obtained from a variety of different sources made available to end users in a what they can understand and use in a business context.

What are the users saying...

Data should be integrated across the enterprise Summary data has a real value to the organization Historical data holds the key to understanding data over time

OLTP
OLTP = online transaction processing The process of moving data around to handle day-to-day affairs
Scheduling classes Registering students Tracking benefits Recording payments, etc. ATM

OLTP
Run the business in real time OLTP systems captures transaction immediately as they occur. Database Systems have been used traditionally for OLTP. Optimized to handle large numbers of simple read/write transactions

OLTP example : ATM

Limitations of OLTP
OLTP does not have repositories of facts and historical data for business analysis. Cannot quickly answer adhoc queries. Data is inconsistent and changing. Duplicate entries exists.
10

OLAP : Online Analytical Processing

OLAP is the process of creating and summarizing historical, multidimensional data
To help users understand the data better Provide a basis for informed decisions Allow users to manipulate and explore data themselves, easily and intuitively

More than just reporting Reporting is just one (static) product of OLAP

11

OLAP Databases
OLAP systems require support databases These databases typically
Support fewer simultaneous users than OLTP back ends Are structured simply; i.e., denormalized Can grow large
Hold snapshots of data in OLTP systems Provide history/time depth to our analyses

Are optimized for read (not write) access Updated via periodic batch (e.g., nightly) ETL processes
12

Multi-dimensional Data
HeyI sold $100M worth of goods
W S N Juice Cola Milk Cream Toothpaste Soap 1 2 34 5 6 7

Re gi on

Dimensions: Product, Region, Time Hierarchical summarization paths

Product Industry Region Country Time Year

Product

Category

Region

Quarter

Product

City Office

Month Day

Week
13

Month

OLAP database servers

OLAP database server supports common analytical operation as:
Slicing and Dicing Roll up Drill down

14

Slicing and Dicing

Product The Telecomm Slice

Household Telecomm Video Audio

gi e

ns o
Europe

Far East India Retail Direct Special

Sales Channel
15

Roll-up and Drill Down

Higher Level of Aggregation

Sales Channel Region Country State Location Address Sales Representative

Drill-Down

Roll Up

Low-level Details
16

17

18

19

Application-Orientation vs. Subject-Orientation

Application-Orientation Subject-Orientation

Operational Database
Loans Credit Card Trust Savings Customer

Data Warehouse

Vendor Product Activity

20

21

OLTP Users Function DB Design View Usage Unit of work Access Records Accessed Users Day to day operations Application oriented Detailed, flat relational Structured, repetitive Simple transactions Read/Write Tens Thousands

OLAP Decision support Subject oriented Summarized, multidimensional Adhoc Complex queries Read Millions Hundreds 100 GB-TB

Clerks, IT professionals Knowledge workers

Database Size 100 MB-GB Metric

Transaction throughput Query throughput

22

To summarize ...
OLTP Systems are used to run a business

OLAP helps to optimize the business

23

University Questions
Q. Differentiate between OLTP and OLAP.

24

THANK YOU

25