DSS: Decision Support Systems and AI: Artificial Intelligence

In Business

AI in Business
Some Commercial Applications Decision Support Expert Systems Information Retrieval Virtual Reality Robotics
Im ready to do some business

Overview of AI
Goal of AI
develop computer systems that exhibit intelligence or simulate the ability to think

AI pioneered by Computer Science But, AI involves a combination of

Computer Science, Biology, Psychology, Linguistics, Mathematics,Engineering

What really is Intelligence?

Specifically, what are the signs of Intelligent Behavior? Think about it for a while

Which of the following is the best example of intelligent behavior? 1. Ability to add numbers 2. Ability to see and recognize objects 3. Ability to adapt to surroundings 4. Ability to learn for mistakes

25% 25% 25% 25%

4 10

What really is Intelligence?

You are about to start an online chat (IM) with two entities: One entity is a human The other is a computer After hours of conversation, you can not tell which entity is a computer. Does this mean the computer is Intelligent?

Intelligent Behavior
What are some of the signs, attributes, or characteristics of Intelligent Behavior

Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior

1. Learn from experience & apply the knowledge
Computer can automatically improve performance based on Experience Machine Learning Computational Learning

Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior

2. Handle complex situations
Computer Systems can often handle complexity better than humans Consider a process control system that must simultaneous track 100 different system variables.

Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior

3. Solve problems when important information is missing
Computer Systems can find patterns and deal with all sorts of missing information

Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior

4. React quickly & correctly to new situations; Acquire & Apply Knowledge
Here is where computers start to fail. Adapting to completely new situations is a problem for computer systems. Its very difficult to design a computer system that can combine, connect, and acquire knowledge to solve completely new problems

Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior

5. 6. 7. 8. Determine what is important. Exhibit creativity and imagination Process visual information efficiently Use reason to solve problems

These are some other Characteristics that humans possess. Computer systems have a lot of catching up to do.

Which of the following do computer need to catch up on? 1. Determine what is important. 25% 2. Exhibit creativity and imagination 3. Process visual information efficiently 4. Use reason to solve problems
1

25% 25% 25%

4 10

AI in Business
AI continues to improve and evolve. Scientists and Engineers are pushing the envelope of what is possible. In Business, there is a better understanding of the capabilities of Intelligent Computer Systems It is important to know which types of problems are suited for humans, and which are suited for Computers.

Human Intelligence vs. AI

Attribute
Use a variety of information sources Ability to acquire large amounts of external info. Ability to do rapid, accurate, and complex calculations Ability to transfer information rapidly

Human Intelligence
High Medium Low Low

Artificial Intelligence
High High High High

Human Intelligence vs. AI

Attribute
Ability to use sensors or senses Creativity or imagination Ability to learn from experience Ability of be adaptive

Human Intelligence
High High High High

Artificial Intelligence
Medium Low Medium Medium

AI: Application Domains

AI: Commercial Domains

Decision Support
Integrating the advantages of AI with Human Intelligence. More intelligent Interfaces More intelligent processing for massive data

AI: Commercial Domains

Information Retrieval
Automatic simplification for massive data Natural language technology: computer can speak our language.

AI: Commercial Domains

Virtual Reality
Better training environment from pilots to doctors

Robotics
Bringing the precision and speed of computers into the physical world Goes beyond manufacturing and assembly lines; Baggage Inspection, Bomb Removal, Replacement Limbs.

Expert Systems
The idea is to inject expert knowledge in to a computer system. The primary purpose is to automate decision making. The decision environments have structure The alternatives and goals are often established in advance.

Expert Systems vs. DSS

Expert System Inject expert knowledge in to a computer system. Automate decision making. The decision environments have structure The alternatives and goals are often established in advance. The expert system can eventually replace the human decision maker. Decision Support System Extract or gain knowledge from a computer system Facilitates decision making Unstructured environment Alternatives may not be fully realized yet Use goals and the system data to establish alternatives and outcomes, so a good decision can be made

What is the biggest difference between a Decision Support System and an MIS 1. DSSs are interactive and ad hoc 25% 2. DSSs focus on transforming information into knowledge 3. MISs focus on transforming data into information 4. All of the above
1

25% 25% 25%

4 10

What is the biggest difference between an MIS and TPS 1. in a TPS there is no analysis 2. an MIS focuses on reports 3. an TPS focuses on updating a database 4. All of the above

25% 25% 25% 25%

4 10

How is the analysis different for a MIS vs. DSS 1. MIS: Analysis involves computing aggregates 2. MIS: Analysis involves creating useful charts and graphs 3. DSS: Connects information with decisions 4. DSS: Builds scenarios

25% 25% 25% 25%

4 10

Some Interesting Applications of Expert Systems

Triage Medical Diagnosis (Medical Expert System)
User enters symptoms System makes diagnosis Doctors collective expertise is captured in the system

Patriot Missile Guidance System

Radar identifies Scud missile System steers Patriot missile to it intercepts Scud missile Laws of physics, expert knowledge about missile trajectory is captured in the system

Financial Decision Making Currency Trading

Expert System Categories

Decision Making
buy/sell risk/no risk rain/ no rain

Selection/Classification
Tell me what you see, expert system figures out what it really is...

Trouble Shooting / Diagnosis

Process Monitoring and Control

Robot control, assemblyline control, missile control

Hello welcome to Dell; how can I help you? Suddenly an idiot seems Design/Configuration Specify what you want, like an expert. expert system figures out specifically how to do it.

Expert System Components

Expert System Software User Interface Engine Knowledge base

user

Expert System Components

Expert System Software User Interface Engine Knowledge base

user

Expert System Development Process

Knowledge Acquisition Program

Expert or Knowledge Engineer

Raw Data or Facts

Expert System Components

Nonexpert
Expert System Software Interface Engine Knowledge base

Robot
Missile

Expert System Development Process

Knowledge Acquisition Program

Expert or Knowledge Engineer

Raw Data or Facts

Expert System vs. DSS

Someone with Knowledge Decision Maker DSS Software User Interface Engine Model Base

Analytical & Statistical Models

DSS Processes
Data Management Extraction, Generation, Validation, etc. Raw Data or Facts