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Introduction
Health promotion is a way of thinking that
between lifestyle and illness and are developing health promoting, habits such as getting adequate exercise, rest and relaxation, maintaining good nutrition and controlling the use of tobacco, alcohol ...
Health Protection
Health protection or Illness prevention:
avoiding development of disease in the future.
Levels Of Prevention
1- Primary Prevention: focus on (a) health promotion (b) protecting against specific health problems.
The goal of this level: is to decrease the risk of
2- Secondary Prevention: focus on (a) early identification of health problem (b) promote intervention to alleviate health problem.
The goal of this level: is to identify individuals in an early stage of a disease. Example: Screening Survey, HTN Survey.
diabetes complications.
health protection lies in the fact that an activity may be carried out for numerous reasons.
Example: 40yrs male, may begin a program of walking 30miles/day. - If the goal is to decrease the risk of CVD then this activity is Health protection.
- If the goal is to increase his overall health and feeling of well-
A competence or approach oriented model that depicts the multidimensional natures of persons interacting with their interpersonal and physical environments as they follow health.
Nola J Pender (1982; revised, 1996) was designed to be a complementary counterpart to models of health protection. It defines health as "a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease". Health promotion is directed at increasing a clients level of well being. The health promotion model describes the multi dimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health.
The model focuses on following three areas: Individual characteristics and experiences Behavior-specific cognitions and affect Behavioral outcomes
person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and affect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified through nursing actions. Health promoting behavior is the desired behavioral outcome and is the end point in the HPM. Health promoting behaviors should result in improved health, enhanced functional ability and better quality of life at all stages of development.
The major motivational variables that can be modified through nursing intervention include
1-Individual characteristics and experiences: Prior related behavior = previous experience. Personal factors( biological, psychological and sociocultural)
pt. to stop smoking . - Weaker personality need more encouragement from the nurse. - Exact information about dangers of smoking may motivate the pt. to stop smoking.
very motivating to discuss about positive outcomes expected after changing behavior ) Ex. The nurse can discuss with the pt. on many benefits of non-smoking, not only the physical.
Perceived barriers to action.. (it's important to discuss
beforehand because otherwise these difficulties could destroy the new behavior )
Ex. Pt. has used to smoke after drinking coffee, nurse help the pt. plan substitutive behavior for these situations
Perceived self-efficacy.. (this concept refers to the conviction that a person can successfully carry out the behavior necessary to achieve a desired outcome.)
during and after the new behavior. To succeed the patient should associate positive feeling with the new lifestyle ) beneficial enough in spite of problems and find nice experiences without smoking.
around the patient; family, friends, colleagues etc. their beliefs, attitude, advice and support have a great effect on patient lifestyle) Ex. Emotional support
Situational Influence.. (means that the nurse help the
patient to think how his life situation and environment influence his attempt to change lifestyle ) Ex. Is it easier for the pt. to stop smoking in hospital than at home?? Is his life usual or full of stress which may make it more difficult to live without relief from cigarettes..??
promoting lifestyle, the more likely the patient will continue the new behavior
Ex. The non-smoker pt. begin to smoke again to get back his
old friends.
an individual has a high level of control, this control depends on the individual's ability to be self-regulation or not.
5- Behavioral Outcome:
Health promoting behavior, the outcome of health
promotion model, is directed toward attaining positive health outcomes for the client.
improved health, enhanced functional ability, and better quality of life at all stages of development.
1-precontemplation Stage:
Denies having a problem and views other as having
problem. They dont think about changing behavior Some people believe the behavior not under their control May feel situation is hopeless
2- Contemplation Stage:
Acknowledge having a problem Research causes and possible solution Not ready to commit to action
3-Preparation Stage:
Plans to take action Makes the final adjustments before beginning the behavior change Some start making small behavioral changes at this stage
4- Action Stage:
Modifies behavior and surroundings
and energy
5- Maintenance Stage:
Integrates newly adopted behavior pattern into
lifestyle This stage lasts until the person no longer experiences temptation to return to previously unhealthy behavior.
6- Termination Stage:
Its the final goal where the individual has complete
confidence that the problem is no longer a temptation or threat. Copes without fear of relapse
Lifestyle Assessment
health. -Categories of lifestyle generally assessed are physical activity, nutritional practices, stress management, and habits such as smoking.
Is an assessment and educational tools that indicates a client's risk for disease or injury during the next 10 years by comparing the client's risk with the mortality risk of the corresponding age, gender, and racial group.
creating an environment that encourage healthy behaviors, promote self-esteem and wellness.
supporting group, religion support system.
those belief that determine how they perceive control of their own health care status.
will be will be. if people hold this belief they dont feel that they can do anything to change the course of their disease.
abilities, and enhance health promotion goals to help the client reach a higher level of functioning.
3-Planning: Health promotion Plans needs to be developed according to needs, desire and priorities of the client.
Nurse acts as a resource person rather than an
advisor or counselor.
Steps of Planning:
Identify health goals and related behavior-change
Ex. To reduce the risk of CVD, the client may need to change behaviors such as stop smoking, lose wt., and increase activity level.
facilitators and barriers to change. Ex. environmental and interpersonal factors that
support positive change should be used to reinforce the clients efforts to change lifestyle.
Commit to behavior change goal. In the past, commitment to changing behaviors have usually been verbal. Increasingly, a formal, written behavioral contract is being used to motivate the client to follow through with selected actions.
4-Implementing:
Implementing is the "doing" part of behavior change. Self-responsibilities are emphasized for implementing
the plan. Depending on the clients needs, the nursing interventions may include supporting, counseling, facilitating, teaching, consulting, enhancing the behavior change and modeling.
5- Evaluation:
Evaluation takes place on an ongoing basis, both during
the achievement of short term goals & after the completion of the long term goals.
determined for attaining the specific results or behaviors that are desired to promote health or prevent illness.
with the plan, reorder priorities, change strategies, or change the health promotion contract.
and health of their children choosing the wrong contraceptive methods, feeling powerless and have less quality of health and wellbeing
Perceived Severity:
Women believe that the consequences for get reproductive infections have more children, having more problems related to their health and health of their children choosing the wrong contraceptive methods, feeling powerless and have less quality of health and wellbeing
Taking the educational course choosing the appropriate family planning methods, consider post-natal care, learn about the reproductive infections practice effectively in the decisions and selection of
contraceptive methods making appropriate decision related to their health and wellbeing.
Perceived Benefits: Women believes that taking all recommended health practices
and interventions related to their reproductive healthetc
of their children, choosing the wrong contraceptive methods, feeling powerless have less quality of health and wellbeing.
Perceived Barriers:
Women identify barriers for adherence to reproductive health
practices, family planning methods, empowering self and decision making abilities as:
feeling embarrassed to talk about family planning and
reproductive infections husband and HCP cultural and social perception toward using contraceptive methods and reproductive health planning. They also will explore ways to overcome these barriers through learning, practicing and seeking support from their intimate partners. Also through enhancing self expression and communication skills with intimate partners and HCP related to practices,
Self-Efficacy:
Women will have the confident is selection the
appropriate contraceptive method, define health needs, define indication for seeking medical advice for reproductive infection, making the right decisions, participating in all decision related to her health, participating and making appropriate decision related to her childs health.
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