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All human beings have intelligence, which they use for problem solving. Intelligence when supported by knowledge and reasoning abilities becomes an artificial intelligence. When such an artificial intelligence is packed into a database as a system, then what we have is an AI system.
AI Systems Contd.
AI systems fall into three basic categories:
The Expert Systems (Knowledge Based) The Natural Language (Native Languages) Systems and The Perception System (vision, speech, touch)
Structure of AI system
Artificial Intelligence System
Natural Language
Expert uses
Perception
uses
Size, Shape Image, Voice
uses
Native Language Knowledge
Knowledge
Applies
Human Like Reasoning
Applies
Language Reasoning
Applies
Sensing Abilities for Reasoning
Facts Contd.
The AI systems do not replace people. They liberate experts from solving common/ simple problems, leaving the experts to solve complex problems. Artificial intelligence systems help to avoid making same mistakes, and to respond quickly and effectively to a new problem situation.
Generalized Vs KBES
Generalized Approach 1. It considers the generally applicable constraints, examines all possible alternatives and selects one by trial and error method with reference to a goal. Knowledge Based 1. It considers the specific constraints within a domain, examines the limited problem alternatives within a knowledge domain and selects the one with knowledge based reasoning with reference to goal.
Comparison Contd.
2. All alternatives are 2. Only limited considered and the alternatives are resolution of the considered and problem is by trial resolution is made and error, with no by a logical assurance, whether reasoning with the it is the best or the assurance of the optimum. local optimum. 3. This approach is 3. This approach is dominated by dominated by the procedure or method reasoning process based on the knowledge.
KBSE Model
To build a knowledge based system certain prerequisites are required.
1. That a person with the ability to solve the problem with knowledge-based reasoning should be available. 2. That such an expert should be able to articulate the knowledge to the specific problem characteristic.
Components of KBES
It has three basic components which are necessary to build the system
Knowledge Base
It is a database of knowledge consisting of the theoretical foundations, facts, judgments, rules, formulae, intuition and experience. It is a structural storage with facilities of easy access.
Interface Mechanism
It is a tool to interpret the knowledge available and to perform logical deductions in a given situation.
Contd.
In KBES three components are independent of each other. This helps in modifying the system without affecting all the components. The KBES database, stores the data, the cause-and-effect relation rules, and the probability information on event occurances.
Semantic Networks
Knowledge is represented on the principles of predicate function.