DECENTRALISATION OF POWER

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Structure of the presentation

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Introduction Concept of Democratic Decentralisation Evolution of Democratic Decentralisation Significance of Democratic Decentralisation Democratic Decentralisation in India Learning outcome Key concepts Conclusion References and Further Reading

Introduction
Decentralization Decentre Reversing centralization or opposite of centre Decentralization means: Transfer of power and authority from central institution to a lower or local levels of a governmental system Transfer of responsibility for planning management and resource raising from central government agencies to subordinate units.

Introduction
Various Degrees of Transfer (Forms of decentralization)

Deconcentration: The transfer to lower levels within the central or national government itself (sectoral/spatial shifting work load without authority to decide, power to control and direct its recipient at the local level) Delegation: The transfer of local government or other organizations wholly or partly outside the domain of the central govt. but remain accountable to it Devolution: o Clear jurisdiction o Outside direct control of central govt o True form of decentralization/democratic decentralization/local autonomy /selfgovernance Privatization: Transfer to private entities

as it ensures liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship, equality of status and opportunity, fraternity as well as the right to participate in political decision-making Participation and control of governance by the people is possible only when the powers of the state are decentralized to the district, block and village levels where all the sections of the people can sit together, discuss their problems and suggest solutions and plan, execute Democratize local self government to enable it to enjoy more authority, shoulder greater responsibility, take more initiative and experience greater autonomy in the management of the affairs of the local area Decentralization is regarded as a necessary

Concept of Democratic Decentralisation Democracy - One of the best forms of government

Evolution of Democratic Decentralisation Post-Independence India adopted a

democratic system of governance. Growing realization among policy analaysts that as government activities expand, it is increasingly difficult to plan and administer all development activities effectively and efficiently from the centre Local autonomy in making decisions of primary concern to the locality and greater responsibility for designing and implementing development programmes became a necessity - revived interest in the notion of decentralization. In India the Panchayati Raj Institutions set an example for the world for to emulate in the matter of democratic decentralization.

Significance of Democratic Decentralisation

Tailor-made plans as per needs of heterogeneous regions and groups possible Closer contact between government officials and local population is possible Allows better penetration of national policies to areas remote from capital Ensures greater representation of political, religious, ethnic and tribal groups in development decision-making - greater equity in allocation of resources Development of capacity of local institutions, their managerial and technical skills Institutionalize the participation of the citizens and exchange of information

Amendment Acts have been major steps in the direction of decentralized governance in India 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act relates to introduce reforms in rural local bodies whereas the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act relates to bring reform in urban local bodies Democratic Decentralisation in Rural Areas Democratic Decentralisation in Urban Areas Democratic Decentralisation in Tribal and Schedule Areas Gram Sabha Gram Panchayat

Democratic Decentralisation in India The 73rd and 74th Constitutional

Key concepts
Decentralisation : Transfer of planning, decision-making or administrative authority from the central governments to its field organizations, local administrative units, semiautonomous organizations, local governments and nongovernmental organizations. Democratic Decentralisation : It is an extension of the democratic principle aims at widening the area of the peoples participation, authority and autonomy through devolution of powers to peoples representative organizations from the top level to the lowest levels in three dimensions of political decision- making, financial control and administrative management.. Democratic Centralism of power : It seeks to combine democracy with centralism. It is centripetal. There is transfer of authority to the extent of complete surrender and

Merits of Decentralisation

Differentiated and pluralist structure of govt Grassroots political process Participatory bottom up development Sustainable development Appropriate planning/implementation Local leadership (Nursery of leadership building) Local and institutional resource base

References and Further Reading

Chakrabarty Bidyut and Mohit Bhattacharya (ed), 2003, Public Administration : A Reader, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Joshil. R. P. and G.S. Narwani, 2002, Panchayat Raj in India: Emerging Trends Across the states, Rawat Publications, Jaipur, New Delhi. Bhattacharya Mohit, 1999, Restructing Public Administration : Essays in Rehabilitation, Jawahar Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.

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Thank you
"My idea of decentralized governance is that it is complete republic independent of its neighbours for its vital wants and yet interdependent for many others in which dependence is a necessity" - M. K. Gandhi