CDMA System Basis

ZTE CDMA

Features of Wireless Telecomm

Individually a Bad propagation environment a Co-channel, Adjacent channel interference and near-far effect. a Contradiction between limited frequency resource and vast numbers of subscribers. a Complicated network and control equipment are required.
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ZTE CDMA

Classification of Wireless Telecomm

Classification Mode RF Operation Signal Modulation Multiple Access Class Simplex, half-duplex, duplex Analog, Digital FM, PM, AM FDMA, TDMA, CDMA
ZTE CDMA

ZTE CDMA

Frequency Reuse

ZTE CDMA

Evolution of Wireless Telecomm

1G Analog Voice AMPS 1980s 2G Digital Voice & Data CDMA 1 99 2 19 99 3G Digital Voice & high-speed Data CDMA2000 W_CDMA 20 01 20 03
ZTE CDMA

TACS GSM/TDMA GPRS

Makeup of Wireless Telecomm

BSS
MS

MS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BSC

VLR

MSC

HLR PSTN

MS

MS

BTS BTS BTS

BSC

ISDN

Um

Abis

MS: Mobile Station BSS: Base Station System BTS: Base-station Transceiver System BSC: Base_Station Controller MSC:Mobile-service Switching Center VLR:Visiting Location Register HLR:Home Location Register PSTN: ISDN:

MSC

ZTE CDMA

Spectrum Spreading Technique

Theoretical Basis is Shanon equation C=B*log2(1+S/N) a DSSS applied in CDMA a Used in military communication in 1950s and 1960s a Qualcomm company successfully put it into commercially cellular wireless telecommunication by the end of 1980s
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ZTE CDMA

Signal processing by DSSS

ZTE CDMA

Features of CDMA System 1

Large capacity 8~10 times of analog system a High-quality service 8Kb/s QCELP EQUALS 13Kb/s of GSM; 13Kb/s QCELP EQUALS 64kb/s of wireline a Soft handoff lowers call drop rate a RAKE receiving overcomes multi-path fading a Good secrecy
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ZTE CDMA

Features of CDMA System 2

Soft capacity a MSs averaging transmission power is lowered, decreasing radiation to human body and environment . Be named as Green Handset a Easy to realize dual-mode operation a System complexity increased
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ZTE CDMA

Key techniques of CDMA 1

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Diversity receiving Time diversityinterleaving, error-detection and correction Frequency diversityinherent feature of wideband communication Space diversitymultiple antenna receiving, RAKE receiving, soft handoff

ZTE CDMA

Key techniques of CDMA 2

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Precise power control Open loop power control on reverse link Closed loop power control on reverse link Outer loop power control on reverse link Power control on forward link

ZTE CDMA

Key techniques of CDMA 3

Rate variable codec (QCELP) a VOICE Detection (VOD) a Synchronization a Mobile assisted soft handoff
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ZTE CDMA

Key techniques of CDMA 4

Blossoming & Wilting a Low Eb/No and high redundant error correction encoding a Multiple access long PN code, short PN code and WALSH orthogonal code
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ZTE CDMA

Channel structure
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Forward Channels Piloting channel

Synchronizing channel Paging channel Traffic channel

Reverse Channels Access channel

Traffic channel
ZTE CDMA

CDMA Cell Site

Pilot Forward Traffic Channel

Sync Forward Traffic Channel P aging Forward Traffic Channel

W ls Cd As n e t a h o e s ig mn 0- P t > ilo 3 - Sn 2> yc

ZTE CDMA

IS-95A Channel Modulation--Forward Link

Walsh Function 0 Pilot Channel (All 0s) A Code Symbol 2.4 ksps Symbol Repetition Modulation Symbol 4.8 ksps Block Interleaver Modulation Symbol 4.8 ksps Walsh Func tion 32

Sync Channel Bits

1.2 kbps

Convolutional Enc oder r = 1/2, K = 9

Code Symbol Paging Channel Bits 9.6 kbps 4.8 kbps Convolutional Enc oder r = 1/2, K = 9 19.2 ksps 9.6 ksps Symbol Repetition

Modulation Symbol 19.2 ksps Block Interleaver

Modulation Symbol 19.2 ksps

Walsh Function p

A 19.2 ksps

Long Code Mask for Paging Channel p Forward Traffic Channel code c hannel Information Bits for User m with Rate Set 1 (172, 80, 40, or 16 bits/frame)

Long Code Generator

1.2288 Mcps

Decimator

8.6 4.0 2.0 0.8

kbps kbps kbps kbps

Add Frame Quality Indicators (12, 8, 0, or 0 bits/frame)

Code Symbol Add 8-bit Encoder Tail per Frame 9.6 4.8 2.4 1.2 Convolutional Encoder kbps r = 1/2, K = 9 19.2 ksps kbps 9.6 ksps kbps 4.8 ksps kbps 2.4 ksps Symbol Repetition

Modulation Symbol

19.2 ksps

Power Control Bits Modulation Symbol Block Interleaver 19.2 ksps

800 bps

Walsh Func tion n

MUX *

19.2 ksps Long Code Mask for User m Long Code Generator Decimator Decimator

800 Hz

1.2288 Mc ps

* Power control bits are not multiplexed in for suppemental code c hannels of the Forward Traffic Channels

ZTE CDMA

Procedure of MSs COMMUNICATION

Searching base stations pilot channel a Demodulating synchronizing channel a MS requests on access channel a BS responds on paging channel a Traffic channel is assigned for communication
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ZTE CDMA

Task Initialization

Start analog mode

Power On

End analog mode

MS Initial Status
MS fully catches System timing

MS idle changeover when NGHBR_CONFIG is011

MS idle status
MS paged, originating or registering

Access channel confirmation

System access status

End traffic channel

Indication of traffic channel Notes not all are listed out MS in traffic Channel status

ZTE CDMA

ZXC10-BSS System structure-BSC

BSC: Base_Station Controller BTS: Base-station Transceiver System NCM: Network Control Module HIRS: High-speed Interconnect Router Subsystem CDSU: Channel/Digital Service Unit TCM: Timing Control Module SVM: Selector Vocoder Module SVICM: Selector Vocoder Interface Control Module CPM: Call Process Module OMC: Operation & Maintenance Center

T O

O M C

BTS A b i s

BTS A b i s

BTS

B S C

L A N

CDSU

CPM

NCM

H IR S

TCM
SV M

SVM SVM . . . SVM

SVICM

G p so r G lo n a s s

SVM . . . SVM

SVICM

M S C

ZTE CDMA

ZXC10-BSS System structure-BTS

Gps or Glonass

TRx RFIM
CHM

HPA

RFE

TCM

CHM CHM

...

HIRS

B T S

CCM CDSU

BTM

BTS: Base-station Transceiver System CHM: Channel Processing Module CCM: Communication Control Module HIRS: High-speed Interconnect Subsystem TCM: Timing Control Module RFIM: RF Interface Module TRx: Transceiver HPA: High Power Amplifier RFE: RF Front End CDSU: Channel/Digital Service Unit BTM: Base-station Test Module BSC: Base-station Controller

Router

A T M O t h e r B T S

o r B S

E 1 C

ZTE CDMA

ZXC10_BSS System Specification-BSC

a a a a a a a a

Maximal BTS supported: 512 Vocoder 7200 Maximal Channels (including payoff and soft handoff):512 X 32 = 16384 Maximal traffic channels: 512 X 20 = 10240 Maximal subscribers: 102,500* BTS side traffic 2,930 Erl* BHCA 125,000* Traffic 1.28BHCA/subscriber

ZTE CDMA

ZXC-10 BSS-transition to 3G

I S

9 5

I S

9 5

2 0 0 0

1 C X

2 0 0 0

Features:

Capacity increased Non-symmetrical data service provided

q q

For:64Kb/s Rev:14.4Kb/s

Backward compatible with 95A

Capacity doubled Data service q 384Kb/s (relative to 95A) q 2Mb/s(max) Data service q 144Kb/s Backward q 307.2Kb/s(max) compatible with 95A/B/1X Backward compatible with 95A/B
ZTE CDMA