Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Atta-ur-Rahman
Ph.D. (Cambridge), Sc.D.
(Cambridge)
Federal Minister
&
Chairman, Higher Education Commission ,
Government of Pakistan
% of GDP
5 4.1
4
3
2 1.4
1 0.3
0
lth
D
se
ea
&
en
R
H
ef
D
Source: Strategy for the Development of Science & Technology in Islamic Countries
Expenditure on Defense,
Health and R & D (African OIC Countries)
3
3 % of GDP
2.5
2
2
1.5
0.5 0.1
0
Defense Health R&D
Source: Strategy for the Development of Science & Technology in Islamic Countries
Expenditure on Defense,
Health and R & D (Arab OIC Countries)
7.1 % of GDP
8
6
4
2 1.25
0.2
0
lth
D
se
ea
&
en
R
H
ef
D
Source: Strategy for the Development of Science & Technology in Islamic Countries
Strategy for
Economic Development – HE,S&T
Country Population GDP
(Million) (Billion US$)
Knowledge Based Economies
Belgium 10.2 248
Austria 8.1 208
Denmark 5.3 174
Norway 4.4 152
OIC Countries
Pakistan 150 95
Iran 69.2 110
Saudi Arabia 19.6 139
Turkey 65.7 185
12
Korea: A Direct Correlation Between
Technical Manpower and Exports
1960 1970 1980 1990 2001
Higher Education
Enrollment 5% 8.7% 16% 37.7% 68%
Exports
US$ (Millions) 32 660 17,21 63,212 150,439
10
Last two hundred years: One key lesson:
• It is possible for countries to catch up (eg. East Asian
Tigers, China etc.)
3
21st Century is further characterized by two
main ideas:
Based upon Globalization and the “Death” of Physical
Distance
4
‘In the new century, innovations in science and
technology will be key not only to health of the
environment but to miraculous improvements in the
quality of our lives and advances in the economy….
”
PRESIDENT OF USA
State of the Union Address, Jan 27, 2000
“….The
three top priorities of my government are…
EDUCATION, EDUCATION & EDUCATION..”
Tony Blair
Policy Announcement 2000
Impact of just one institution----MIT
MIT graduates and faculty have founded
4000 companies
Employ: 1.1 million people
Annual Sales: $232 billion
GDP contribution: $116 billion
Collectively these companies are the 24th
largest economy in the World!
Requirements for sustained
equitable development
• Human capital manifested in knowledge and
skills
• Innovation and entrepreneurship
• Macro-economic stability
• Strong public institutions
2
Imperatives for Socio-Economic
Development
Central Role of Higher
Linkages Between Applied Research
Education/ & Industrial Development
Technology Development Govt.Facilitating Policies
In National Plans--
VISION!!!!
Socio-Economic
Development
70 Global Area of GM Crops
60 58.7
Million Hectares
50 52.6
40 44.2
39.9
30
27.8
20
10 11
1.7
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Source: International Service for the Acquisition of Agribiotech Applications
Products on the market
25
World Engineering Sector
World
Engineering Goods Markets, 2004
US$ (B)
Electronics / Home Appliances / Components 1,500
39
WORLD ELECTRONICS:
Shift in Markets / Production by Region & Sector
World Markets:
• 2004: US$ 1500 b; (~90% in N. Amer, EU, Japan)
• 2006-07: US$ 1900 b: Their share will fall to ~70%
Major Opportunities:
• Contract Manufacturing: US$ 186 b (2004), US$ 500 b (2010).
• ICTs: ~US$ 130B worldwide
• Electronics / Chip Design : US$ 90 b in 2004
• Software development :US$ 1300 by 2006
• Electronics Services ( call centres, digital archiving)
41
Biologicals in Development
369 371
350
In development
284
Approved
234
143
132
85
80 75
65
40
16 22 31
12
1989 91 93 95 96 98 00 02
Source: PhRMA,
Source: European Commission
Biotech
20%
Conventi
onal
80%
Medicines in 2020
Biotech
50%
Conven
tional
50%
Med. BT Industry
• 260 mn helped worldwide
• 125 drugs / vac approved
by FDA
• 350 drugs in clinical trials
Pakistan---A Promising Program
S&T Budget increased 6000%!!!
Agriculture
– Diversification::(spices,nuts,medicinal/aromatic plants,oil-
producing plants,tea,fruits)
Industry
– Diversification – Shipping, Automobile Manufacture, Engineering
Goods, Chemicals/ Pharmaceuticals, Household Appliances,
Transportation Equipment, Telecommunication Equipment etc.
Services
– Banking, Transportation, Communication, Tourism
Overarching Approach
Simultaneous Bi-Modal Approach
Required
– Bottom-Up
Basic Health, Primary Education, Water ….
– Top-Down
Higher Education
Technology Development
Industrial Linkages
S&T PROGRAMMES
Faculty Development
Infrastructure (Free Access to Literature
Free Access to Sophisticated Instruments,
Technology Assisted Learning)
Focused Support in Key Areas
Linkages to the Economy
Quality Assurance
Action Plan (Continued)
Focused Support in Key Areas
– Industrial Relevance
– Agriculture, Engineering, IT, Bio-tech, Basic
Sciences, Social Sciences / Economics /
Humanities, Nursing
– Strengthening of Centers of Excellence
Linkages to the Economy
– Developing the Culture of Innovation
– Steering Committee for Univ-Industry
Linkages
400 Cities on
2002 China
Going to 600
Optical Fibre – up
Afghanistan
Iran
months upgraded to
DWDM
10 Gb/s
India
Oct 2003:
1600 locations
97% Population Access to
the Internet
97% of the
population
UNCTAD
report 2003
—>35%
ahead of
regional
countries!!
UNCTAD Report 2003
Information & Communications Technology development
Index
Connectivity Access Policy ICT Diffusion
1.2 1.2
1 1
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0 0
America United Kingdom Japan Korea Malaysia Pakistan India Bangladesh
Bandwidth Available
August 2000: 32 Mb/s Mar 2002: 265 Mb/s
Oct 2003: 600 Mb/s
300
250
200
150 Operative Data bandwidth
Mb/s
100
today
50
-
Start
point
Ja 7
Ja 9
Ja 1
Ja 6
Ja 8
Ja 0
9
1
6
2
l-9
l-9
l-9
l-0
l-0
l-9
n-9
n-0
n-9
n-9
n-9
n-0
n-0
Ju
Ju
Ju
Ju
Ju
Ju
Ja
Plummeting costs….
June 2000: US$ 87,000/E1 August 2001: US$ 6,000
October 2004 : US$ 3,800
Aiming for US$ 2,500/2 Mb/s IP!
Cost /E1
Start
100,000 point
80,000 Today
60,000
US $
Cost /E1
40,000
20,000
-
00
1
0
1
0
0
1
-0
-0
0
0
-0
-0
-0
l-
y-
y-
n
p
v
r
r
Ju
Ma
Ma
Ma
Ja
Ma
Se
No
Internet user growth
June 2000: 130,000 Oct 2004: 6,800,000
Ja 6
97
Ja 8
99
Ja 0
Ja 1
02
-9
0
n-
n-
n-
n-
n-
n-
n-
n
Ja
Ja
Ja
Cellular explosion
last 18 months as
1,200,000
Cellular Users
Cellular Users
1,000,000
Jan-02
Jan-96
Jan-97
Jan-98
Jan-99
Jan-00
Jan-01
Paksat 1
Ku Band
C-Band
PAKSAT 1 –A major opportunity
PAKSAT 1