Basics of the experiment. Construction of parallel resonance. Working of parallel resonance. Bandwidth & Q-factor. Application of parallel resonance.

Difference between series & parallel resonance. Experiment of parallel resonance. Observation table. Graph for parallel resonance.

The property of cancellation when inductive and capacitive reactance are connected in series or cancellation of susceptance when inductive and capacitive reactance are connected in parallel is known as resonance There are two types of resonance: 1)Series resonance 2)Parallel resonance

A parallel circuit containing a resistance, R, an inductance, L and a capacitance C connected in parallel with R&L will produce a parallel resonance (also called anti-resonance)

Here as shown in the fig. the resistance (R) and inductance (L) are connected with the A.C voltage source. The capacitor is connected in parallel connection with L,R & with the voltage source .

When the voltage source is connected to the circuit there will be a large circulating current between the inductor and the capacitor due to the energy of the oscillations. A parallel resonant circuit works by storing the energy in the form of magnetic field in inductor and the electric field in the capacitor. This energy is constantly being transferred back and forth between the inductor and the capacitor which results in zero current and energy being drawn from the supply.

This is because the corresponding instantaneous values of IL and IC will always be equal and opposite and therefore the current drawn from the supply is the addition of these two currents and the current flowing in IR. IT=VECTOR SUM OF (IR+IL+IC) Here IT is the summation of current through R,L &C. The current flowing through a parallel resonance circuit is the product of voltage divided by impedance, at resonance the impedance, Z is at its maximum value, ( =R ).

In a parallel resonanace curve the the frequencies just below and above the resonance frequencies(fr)the current in the circuit is little more than that at the resonanat frequency A parallel resonant circuit rejects a given frequency or hand of frequencies this is known as BANDWIDTH.

The bandwidth of a parallel resonance circuit is defined in exactly the same way as for the series resonance circuit. The upper and lower cutoff frequencies given as: -upper and -lower respectively denote the half-power frequencies where the power dissipated in the circuit is half of the full power dissipated at the resonant frequency.

The quality factor is defined as the 2 times the maximum energy stored per cycle to the average energy dissipated per cycle. Q=2 *(maximum energy stored per cycle) / energy dissipated per cycle Q= 2 fc * Rp Q=c * Rp

Note that the Q-factor of a parallel resonance circuit is the inverse of the expression for the Qfactor of the series circuit.

The series resonance circuits the Q-factor gives the voltage magnification of the circuit, whereas in a parallel circuit it gives the current magnification.

Since the parallel resonant circuit has a high impedance, it is often useful for rejecting undesired frequencies. An example is the wave trap, figure which is used to reject an undesired signal from a receiver. It consists of a parallel resonant circuit in series with the antenna of the receiver and tuned to the interfering frequency

Another function of the parallel resonant circuit is that of determining the frequency of operation of radio and radar transmitters.

The parallel resonant circuit lends itself very well to vacuum tube generators, which have a high internal impedance.

AIM: To find the resonant frequency & Q of a given parallel resonant circuit by varying frequency of the source

APPARATUS: Required resistor,capacitor,inductor,AFO,AC current meter.

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ii.

iii. iv. v.

vi.

Prepare the parallel resonance circuit using the capacitor and inductor as shown in the circuit diagram. Measure the current passing through the circuit at frequency at an constant input voltage. Draw the resonance curve . Find the (Q) and (fr). Compare the theoretical value of fr with its practical value obtained from graph. Repeat the above experiment for different resistance.

FREQUENCY (f Hz)

CURRENT (I mA) ,R=0 CURRENT (I mA) ,R=100

200
400 600 800 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

22
14 8 4 1 1 2 2 3 4

11
7 4 1 2 2 3 4 4 5

1700
1900 2000

6
8 9

6
7 8

30

25

20

15

R=0 R=100

10

0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500