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\ .
tip speed ratio is
the quotient
between the
tangential speed of
the rotor blade tips
and the
undisturbed wind
velocity
3
1 1 0.035
0.08 1
i
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=
+ +
C1=0.5176,
C2=116, C3=0.4,
C4=5, C5=21
and C6=0.0068
System Description Wind speed
The dynamic wind speed model consists of four basic
components:
Mean wind speed-14 m/s
Wind speed ramp with a slope of 5.6
Wind gust
Ag: the amplitude of the gust
Tsg: the starting time of the gust
Teg: the end time of the gust
Dg = Teg - Tsg
Turbulence components: a random Gaussian series
[1 cos(2 ( / / ))]
g g sg g
v A t D T D t =
Wind Speed Dynamic Model
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Time (Second)
W
i
n
d
S
p
e
e
d
(
m
/
s
)
The eventual wind
speed applied to
the wind turbine
is the summation
of all four key
components.
MPFC-FACTS Scheme 1
Complementary PWM pulses
to ensure dynamic topology
change between switched
capacitor and tuned arm
power filter
Two IGBT solid state
switches control the operation
of the MPFC via a six-pulse
diode bridge
Tri-loop Error Driven Controller
Voltage
Stabilization
loop
Current Dynamic
Error Tracking loop
Current Harmonic
Tracking Loop
Modulation
Index
DVR-FACTS Scheme 2
A combination of series
capacitor and shunt
capacitor compensation
Flexible structure
modulated by a Tri-loop
Error Driven Controller
If S1 is high and S2 is
low, both the series and
shunt capacitors are
connected into the
circuit, while the
resistor and inductor
will be fully shorted
If S1 is low and S2 is high,
the series capacitor will be
removed from the system,
the resistor and inductor
will be connected to the
shunt capacitors as a
tuned arm filter
HPFC-FACTS Scheme 3
Use of a 6-pulse VSC
based APF to have faster
controllability and
enhanced dynamic
performance
Combination of tuned
passive power filter and
active power filter to
reduce cost
PWM
converter
DC Capacitor
to provide the
energizing
voltage
Passive
Filter
tuned
near 3
rd
harmonic
frequency
Coupling
capacitor
Coupling
transformer
Novel Scheme-3 Multi-loop Error Driven Controller
Novel Decoupled Multi-loop Error Driven Controller
Using decoupled direct and quad. (d , q) voltage
components
Using The Phase Locked Loop (PLL) to get the required
synchronizing signal- phase angle of the synthesized
VSC-Three Phase AC output voltages with Utility-Bus
Using Proportional plus Integral (PI) controller to
regulate any tracked errors
Using Pulse Width Modulation-PWM with a variable
modulation index -m
Novel Decoupled Multi-loop Error Driven Controller
Outer-Voltage Regulator: Tri-loop Dynamic Error-Driven
controller
The voltage stabilization loop
The current dynamic error tracking loop
The dynamic power tracking loop
Inner-Voltage Regulator: Mainly to control the DC-Side
capacitor charging and discharging voltage to ensure
almost a near constant DC capacitor voltage
Controller Tuning
Control Parameter: Selection/optimization
Using a guided Off-Line Trial-and-Error Method based on
successive digital simulations
Minimize the objective function-Jo
Find optimal Gains: kp, ki and individual loop weightings () to
yield a near minimum Jo under different set-selections of the
controller parameters
2
1
( )
N
o t
k
J e k
=
=