The Bluray

Disc

Submitted By:Rahul Sampat (736) Rohan Kamdar (718) Aanal Desai (763)
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Contents
Introduction History Construction & Working Hardware Requirements Types Characteristics, Specifications & Comparison Advantages & Disadvantages Applications Market Acceptance Conclusion
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Introduction
Blu-ray (BD) is a next-generation optical disc format for high definition movies, games and other programs. The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data. The name Blu-ray is derived from the blue-violet laser it uses to read and write to the disc.
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Brief History of Digital Discs

Optical discs have always been the storage medium to provide the ultimate quality audio and video content available to consumers:

Construction & Working

The digitally encoded audio and video information on a disc is stored in pits, which are spiral grooves that run outward from the center of the disc. A laser reads the pits, and plays the audio and video.

Blu-ray uses a blue-violet laser to read and write data, while DVDs use a red laser and CDs use an Infrared laser. The blue laser has a shorter beam (405 nanometers) than a red laser (650 nanometers); this allows the blue laser to focus at a higher precision. To have more data on a disc, the pits must be smaller and closer packed together. The smaller and closer the pits, the more precise the laser that reads the pits must focus.
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Why Blue-Violet Laser?

1. 2. 3. 4.

Benefits of using blue violet laser(405nm)are :Shorter wavelength than red laser (650nm), which makes it possible to focus the laser spot with even greater precision. Allows data to be packed more tightly and stored in less space. Possible to fit more data on the disc even though it's the same size as CD/DVD. With the change of numerical aperture to 0.85 is what enables Bluray Disc to hold 25GB/50GB.
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Hardware Requirements
Blu-ray Disc drive for playback on PC requires: 1. Playback Software like PowerDVD from Cyberlink 2. Windows XP with Service Pack 2 installed or Windows Vista or Windows 7. 3. CPU: Pentium Extreme Edition 840 (3.20 GHz) or faster 4. Memory: 1 GByte RAM or more 5. Graphic Card (min. 256 MByte memory): 6. nVidia GeForce: GeForce 7800 GTX or faster 7. AMD/ATi: X1600 series or faster 8. Display device that is capable to display HD resolution (1920 x 1080 recommended)

Different Types Of Blu-ray Discs

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Blu-ray Disc Characteristics

Single layer: 25 GB Dual layer: 50 GB Diameter: 120 mm Thickness: 1.2 mm Center hole diameter: 15 mm Uses GaN laser of wavelength 405 nm The smaller laser, compared to the DVD and CD, keeps the process more efficient (~5 mW) It is used for data storage, High-definition video and Play Station-3 Games.
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Physical Size
Same Form Factor as DVD/CD Very familiar to consumers

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PARAMETERS Capacity (Single Layer) Capacity (Dual Layer) Disk Diameter Disk Thickness Laser Wavelength Numerical Aperture Protection Layer Hard Coating Data Transfer Rate (1x) Minimum Pit Length Track Pitch Video Resolution

CD 700 MB N/A 120 mm 1.2 mm 780 nm 0.45 1.2 mm No 1.17 Mbps 0.83 um 1.6 um 352 x 240

DVD 4.7 GB 8.5 GB 120 mm 1.2 mm 650 nm 0.65 0.6 mm No 10.5 Mbps 0.4 um 0.74 um 720 x 480/720 x 576

HD-DVD 15 GB 30 GB 120 mm 1.2 mm 405 nm 0.65 0.6 mm No 36 Mbps 0.22 um 0.40 um 1920 x 1080

Blu-ray Discs 25 GB 50 GB 120 mm 1.2 mm 405 nm 0.85 0.1 mm Yes 36 Mbps 0.138 um 0.32 um 1920 x 1080
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Advantages Of Blu-ray Disc

There are many advantages of blu-ray discs over dvds, such as: 1. Massive Data Storage: With data storage capacity of 25 to 50 GB, one Blu-ray Disc holds as much data as 10 DVDs or 70 CDs.

2.

Life Span: In the case of ordinary discs, the disc life is less . In the rewritable versions, as re-writing is done repeatedly to one area of the disc most probably, the inner perimeter limiting the disc life. BDFS (Blu-ray Disc File Structure) is designed so as to avoid this problem, by using a system that uses free disc spaces with equal frequency.

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3.

Content Protection: Strongest content and copy protection schemes ever developed. The data is encrypted as a measure against piracy. (This feature is not available in other optical discs) Robustness of Disc: A hard coat derived of ultra-violet resin provides stronger resistance to scratches and fingerprints. The protective layer is hard enough to prevent accidental abrasions and an artificial fingerprint reagent is placed on the disc surface which allows fingerprints to be removed by wiping the disc with a tissue. Compatibility: The BD drives are designed to be backward compatible, i.e. CDs and DVDs work equally well with the BD drives.
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4.

5.

6.

High-definition content:

Supports high bit rate, high-definition video at resolutions of up to 1920 x 1080 from day one itself. High-definition TV provides six times more picture information than standard-definition TV. Blu-ray provides 62 million pixels/second, where as dvd provides 10 million pixels/second.

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Disadvantages Of Blu-ray Discs

Capacity: Although Blu-ray is capable of anywhere from 50 GB of storage to 200 GB, as it stands the average Blu-ray disc can't hold much more than four or five hours of high definition content. That means you won't be watching the entire series on one disc - at least, not in HD. Cost: Blu-ray film titles are more expensive than DVD titles. The Blu-ray players are very costly as compared to other players. The range of blu-ray players is $500-$1000. The picture quality of HD-DVD is very close to that of blu-ray, but its price is half of that of a blu-ray. Due to its cost, it could potentially happen to the Blu-ray that more people buy into the HD-DVD player.
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One will need a HDTV to get the best from Blu-ray. These can be quite expensive. The HDTV should also have a HDMI socket as titles may play back at lower resolution if it does not have this socket. The quality of the picture you get from Blu-ray will be limited by the quality and resolution of your HDTV.

Read/Write Speed: At 1x speed, it takes approximately 1.5 hours to record an entire single layer BD. Developing Technology: The Blu-ray standard is still evolving. There are still very few movies available on Blu-ray discs as compared to DVDs. Blu-ray is still in the early growing pains phase.

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 Compatibility: Presently, blu-ray discs do not work in operating systems like linux, mac tiger etc. Hardware support is slowly gaining speed. Threat of Substitues: Blu-ray uses hardware which may be replaced with flash memory. Flash drives are also growing in storage capacity and can be much more mobile that disks. (example: flash drive movies).

On Demand and Online movie rental sites may put the physical disc to rest. With research and development continuously introducing new innovations, we feel that another innovation will come soon to replace the Blu-ray format.
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Applications
1. High definition television recording:
The Blu-ray Disc format offers consumers the ability to record their High Definition television broadcasts in their original quality for the first time, preserving the pure picture and audio level as offered by the broadcaster.

With Blu-ray, new visual dimensions are possible. Users profit from an excellent cinema experience at home.
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 About 4.5hrs of high-definition (HD) video can be stored on a 50GB disc. About 23hrs of standard-definition (SD) video can be stored on a 50GB disc. On average, a single-layer disc can hold High Definition features of 135 minutes using MPEG-2, with additional room for 2 hrs of bonus material in standard definition quality. At 1x speed, it takes approximately 1.5 hours to record an entire single layer BD. 2. High Definition Video Distribution: Blu-ray Disc format can store High Definition video in the highest possible quality, without need to compromise on picture quality. The Blu-ray Disc movie format greatly expands on traditional DVD capabilities, by incorporating many new interactive features allowing content providers to offer an even more incredible experience to consumers.

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Some Recent Big Title Releases

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3. 4.

For Gaming: Now-a-days, many high defination games are being launched. The video and the audio quality of the games are too high for a dvd to support. They cant fit even in a dual-layer dvd. Hence, blu-ray discs are being put into use for distribution of these games. Blu-ray discs are released on the gaming platform PS-3. Mass Storage & Back-up: Due to Blu-rays extreme storage density, this medium is the excellent and economical choice for storing, backing up and handling enormous amounts of data and video. The increase in storage is due to the legal requirements that business have in regards to archiving and keeping business records. The need for more storage is also due to the increase of paperless business. The growing number of broadband connections allowing consumers to download vast amounts of data.
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5. Other Applications: It can be used as an universal player as it supports all optical discs. It can be used in PC Drives.
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Market Acceptance
Blu-ray discs was basically launched in 2006. But, at that time it was not accepted universally due to its heavy price and lack of blu-ray players and readers. But now, with the availability of blu-ray players, and its fall in price the blu-ray discs are entering the market. PS3 also supports blu-ray discs and it can be used as blu-ray players for watching movies.

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Market difference between BD & HD-DVD

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Companies that support blu-ray discs

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Current market situation

Sales trends illustrate Blu-ray gaining dominant market share

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Different blu-ray products available in market

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Effects on TV Sales
Blu-ray provides far superior resolution; however, without HD televisions the improvement in quality will go unnoticed. Hence, blu-ray discs have increased the production and sales of HDTVs.

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Ongoing Development
Engineers are working in order to advance the technology.

Quad-Layer(100GB) BD BD (200GB) ,single sided using 6(33GB) data layer. 1 TB blu-ray disc to be released by 2013.
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Conclusion
Blu-ray disc have more advantages than disadvantages. Blu-ray proves to satisfy the needs of almost all kinds of customers. Blu-ray Disc has the content, the capacity, the industry support and the technology for the long run. Enormous product presence will make Blu-ray the obvious and smart buy for the consumer. Very soon BDs will replace CDs and DVDs. The Blu-ray technology is going to dominate the next decade.
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References
Digital Digest Magazine Published by Digital Tech Consulting L.L.C, September 2003, Blu-Ray Format Positioning As Next Generation DVD. Optical Recording: A Technical Overview, Addison Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts,pp321323(1990) Optical Disc Systems Dec 2002,The Blue Disc Recording Technology Spectrum, Magazine Published by IEEE, June 2003, The Great Gallium Nitride Gamble www.bluray.com www.google.com www.opticaldisc_system.com
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