IRRI Rice Seminar Series

Randy Barker
11th Airborne Division 1953-55. UPCA-Cornell (UPCO) program 1965-66. Social Science Division, IRRI 1966-78, 2007-08. UP teaching (one course a year) 1965-78 IRRI softball team 1965-78 College Country Club (tennis), 1965-78 Rotary Club of Los Baos, 1969-78 IRRI Emeritus International Staff, 2012 to present

Grant Singleton Click to edit Master subtitle style David Johnson

Rodent Ecologist/Irrigated Rice Research Consortium Coordinator Crop & Environmental Sciences Division

Weed Scientist/Consortium for Unfavorable Rice Environment Coordinator Crop & Environmental Sciences Division

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CAN MYANMAR DO WHAT VIETNAM HAS DONE?

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Yes No Maybe?

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SEMINAR OVERVIEW
Prior to World War II Burma and Indochina were leading world rice exporters; Vietnam after the fall of Saigon: A road map for Myanmar agriculture? The situation in Myanmar: Problematic but promising IRRI prepares to help
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Trend in rice exports,1900-1940

Note: 1900-1940 source is Rose, 1985: Appendix to the rice economy of Asia

Part I

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VI

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Trend in Output of Paddy in Vietnam

Decree No. 10

300 00

Thousand tons

200 00 00

150 Click to edit Master subtitle style

Doi Moi

100 00 50 00 0 19 75 19 80

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19 85

Liberalization of markets

Yea

19 90

19 95

Water Law

250 00

Decree No. 100

Land Law

350 00

20 00

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Mekong: conflict over fresh vs. brackish water Fresh water

My Phuoc (1994) Cai Trau (1994)

Bac Lieu province

Thanh Tri (1995)

Bach Nguu (2000) Chu Chi (1997) Lang Tram (1998)

Cau Sap (1996) Vinh My (1997) Pho Sinh (1998)

Ca Mau (2000)

Saline water
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Value and Unit Price of Exports in Vietnam

1994 1998 1999 Rice 429 1024 1025 971 2000 638 1475 2001 588 1800

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Values in US$ million

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Trend in rice yield (t/ha), 1960-2011 Vietnam and Myanmar

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IRRI and Myanmar

-

the Click to edit Master subtitle style past decade and the prospects for growth

David Johnson, Grant Singleton March 2012

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Crop nutrition and productivity

LCC training in 2002, and (below) LCC critical values experiment , Yezin, 2004

IRRC training course (2005) and (below) LCC demonstration at extension camp 2004

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Crop establishment and weed control

7 6 5 Grain Yield 4 3 2 1 0 Hlegu Lepadan Pyay Tharawaddy Pathein Myaungmya Kyaiklatt

IWM Farm

from yield gap studies to farm demonstrations and field schools

Dry season yield gaps on farmers fields with better weed control

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Rodent research
2003-2006
1.

2.

3.

Ecology, damage assessment, management options Assessed KAP of farmers (IntJPestMgmt 54: 69-76, 2008) Two MSc, 4 PhD students (local universities)

2007 -2012 1. Study of rodent outbreak in Chin hills 2. Rodent outbreaks & cyclone Nargis: included GIS modelling paper in press Pest 4/13/12

AWD and aerobic rice

Monywa ,Shwebo, (Sagaing) Nyang U, (Mandalay)

Yezin, Nay Pyi Daw, (Mandalay) Pyay, Bago ( West) Myaung mya, Kyaulat, Ayeyarwady

Since 2006 33 sites AWD; 18 sites aerobic rice Training /on-site briefings with 180 staff; 480 farmers

Postharvest Development
200 6 Partners Myanmar Agricultural Services Myanmar Rice and Paddy Traders Association Pioneer Postharvest Development Group IRRC Support Dryer manufacturing training in Vietnam Capacity building at IRRI and in Myanmar Hermetic storage pilots 201 1

Delay in harvesting High physical losses on farm Improper drying No mechanical dryers Poor storage

More than 330 flat bed dryers

Local storage bag NGO Pioneer Postharvest development Group

Excessive qualitative 4/13/12 loss

Drought-prone areas
State/Division Mandalay Sagaing Magway Rakhine Bago (East) Bago (West) Total Area (ha) 58482 45741 44868 39854 35985 28956 253886

Source : 2004 2005 Annual Report of Myanma Agriculture Service

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On-farm evaluation of entries for submergence tolerance at five locations (t/ha) Yield
Entry Swarna-Sub1 TDK1-Sub1 BR11-Sub1 Hnankar Meegauk
Nyaung done Myaung mya Kyaungkone Einmae Yezin

1.89 1.84 3.08 -

6.96 5.1 4.17 3.19

4.23 3.98 4.54 2.78

5.32 5.37 3.79 -

5.4 4.8 3.8 3.8 -

2.9 t of registered Swarna sub1 seed distributed to 7 townships 0.88 t foundation seed produced
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Promising lines for salt affected coastal and inland salinity areas - Myanmar
Yn 3220-MAS-77-2-8 Yn 3220-MAS-62-2-4 Yn 3220-MAS-76-4-1 Yn 3220-MAS-108-2-3-1 IR 72046-B-R-4-3-2-1 IR 72044-B-R-22-3-1 IR 72593-B-B-2-11

Screening conducted 2008 to date

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Engaging at the policy level Myanmar Agricultural Services

Strategic planning for rice development Yangon, October 2005 Rice economy Workshop Nay Pyi Taw , 2007

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Rice and Climate Change Nay Pyi Taw, February 2011

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Meeting with the Minister, Nay Pyi Taw, January, 2012, and his visit to IRRI

New developments

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Lower delta areas

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Livelihoods & Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT)

IRRI to provide technical advice on rice production Developed strong links with NGOs (e.g. GRET, Mercy Corp, Welthungerhilfe, ACTED) Collaborate with Bogale Agriculture Technical Working Group (BATWG) in Bogale & Mawlamyinegyun Collaborate with Mercy Corp & LEAD in 4/13/12 Laputta

based rural households in the lower delta

Outputs of LIFT-IRRI
1.

Improved rice crop management practices demonstrated and new varieties tested in three townships in the lower delta Strengthened capacity of partners including scientists and extension personnel Advise on resource management of current rice varieties

2.

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Diversification and intensification of ricebased systems in the Ayeyarwady delta (ACIAR)

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Rice left in field after harvest of monsoon crop

Farmers leave bundles in field for 10-30 days. Leads to 5-10% grain loss PLUS 4/13/12 in rice quality. loss

Expected outputs are

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Short- and medium-maturing, highyielding rice varieties and crop management options (rice-rice; ricepulse) available to farmers to increase cropping intensity of target areas by 20%. Postharvest options available to farmers to improve their rice productivity by at least 10%. Technology delivery pathways identified via assessment of

GIS and ground study of incidence and distribution of major stresses and soil types Household studies at benchmark sites Evaluation of technology options Guidelines & decision tools for 4/13/12 dissemination

genotype x environment x Application pending to UNDP: LIFT management (GEM)

Land use capability / targeting

Future activities

Land capability / targeting (GEM - Lift) Rice-rice; Rice-pulse (ACIAR) Improving livelihoods in the lower delta (Lift)
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Exciting developments By mid 2012 expect to have 3 IRS permanently located in Myanmar plus 11 local staff More calls from donors likely (e.g. SDC) In 2012 further in-country consultation on priorities for R&D & capacity? Visit by DG and/or DDG-R to reinforce IRRIs strategy for Myanmar 4/13/12

Overview

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CONCLUSIONS
Vietnam s success has been due to major policy changes and institutional reforms. To a significant degree they followed the road map of China state capitalism and land reform. Will Myanmar be able to make the necessary institutional and policy changes that will allow agricultural productivity and the economy to grow. MAYBE over 10 to 20 years. Dont 4/13/12 forget that in 1965 there was a

Trend in rice yield (t/ha), 19602011

4/13/12 Source: