H qun tr c s d liu

Transaction
D Phng Hnh
B mn H thng thng tin Khoa CNTT, trng i hc Cng ngh i hc Quc gia Hanoi

hanhdp@vnu.edu.vn

Introducing Transactions
We live in a transactional world and we perceive that things such as money, files, and data move from one place to another.

We understand that data doesn't really move. It gets copied from storage and the new copy is inserted into a new storage location, and then the original copy is deleted from its initial location.
In a database, a transaction is simply a mechanism to ensure and verify that data gets to its intended destination. Just like a purchase or bank transaction, both parties must be satisfied with the results.

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

Transaction Types
Explicit Transaction.
The explicit transaction is defined by the presence of an explicit BEGIN TRANSACTION statement followed by one or more dependent data modification statements and completed with an explicit COMMIT TRANSACTION statement. Error checking is added prior to the COMMIT TRANSACTION statement so that if an error occurred the transaction can be reversed with a ROLLBACK TRANSACTION statement.

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

Transaction Types
Implicit Transaction.
The implicit transaction follows the behavior of some other database products in that whenever a data modification is executed it implicitly begins a transaction. However, it does not complete the transaction and release the modified data until an explicit COMMIT TRANSACTION or ROLLBACK TRANSACTION statement is issued. Implicit transactions are enabled on a connection basis with the SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS ON command.
4

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

Transaction Types
Auto-Commit Transaction.
If a data modification statement is executed against the database without an explicit or implicit transaction, it is considered an auto-commit transaction. The modification contained in an auto-commit transaction follows the same pattern as other transactions

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

The ACID Test

Most of us have been burned enough by data loss problems to realize that steps must be taken to ensure that data gets from one place to another. Although there are a number of benefits, this is what transactions are all about. A bona fide transaction must meet the following criteria:

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

The ACID Test

Atomic All steps and operations that are part of a transaction are treated as an atomic unit. Either all succeed or all fail together. Consistent The outcome of any transaction is always predictable; all of the operations either fail or succeed. All operations abide by consistency rules and checks to ensure data integrity within the database. Isolated Any operations performed before, during, or after the transaction will see related data in a consistent state, rather than in a state of partial completion. Any user or operation that queries data affected by a transaction will perceive that the entire transaction was committed instantaneously. Durable If a transaction succeeds, data is written to disk and does not revert to its previous state. Data can survive system failure.

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

H qun tr c s d liu

MySQL Transaction
D Phng Hnh
B mn H thng thng tin Khoa CNTT, trng i hc Cng ngh i hc Quc gia Hanoi

hanhdp@vnu.edu.vn

Using MySQL Transaction

To start a transaction you use the START TRANSACTION statement To undo MySQL statements you use ROLLBACK statement. Note that there are several SQL statements you cannot use ROLLBACK such as:
CREATE / ALTER / DROP DATABASE CREATE /ALTER / DROP / RENAME / TRUNCATE TABLE CREATE / DROP INDEX CREATE / DROP EVENT CREATE / DROP FUNCTION CREATE / DROP PROCEDURE
9

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

Using MySQL Transaction

To write the changes into the database within a transaction you use the COMMIT statement. It is important to note that MySQL automatically commit the changes to the database by default. To force MySQL not to commit changes automatically, you need to use the following statement: SET autocommit = 0;

10

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

Examples
Using MySQL transaction to add new sale order into our Classicmodels database and add the transaction processing steps:
Start a transaction using START TRANSACTION Get latest sale order number from orders table, and use the next sale order number as the new sale order number. Insert a new sale order into orders table for a given customer Insert new sale order items into orderdetails table Commit changes using COMMIT statement Get data from both table orders and orderdetails tables to confirm the changes
11
H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

MySQL Transaction

12

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

MySQL Transaction with savepoint

13

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

MySQL Transaction with savepoint

SAVEPOINT identifier ROLLBACK [WORK] TO [SAVEPOINT] identifier RELEASE SAVEPOINT identifier

14

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

H qun tr c s d liu

Isolation level
D Phng Hnh
B mn H thng thng tin Khoa CNTT, trng i hc Cng ngh i hc Quc gia Hanoi

hanhdp@vnu.edu.vn

Introduce
Isolation is a property that defines how/when the changes made by one operation become visible to other concurrent operations. Of the four ACID properties in a DBMS, the isolation property is the one most often relaxed.

The isolation levels defined by the ANSI/ISO SQL standard are listed as follows:

16

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

Read phenomena
Dirty Read

17

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

Read phenomena
Nonrepeatable read

18

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

Read phenomena
Phantom Reads

19

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT

Isolation levels

20

H qun tr CSDL @ BM HTTT