Surah Hujrat

049.001O Ye who believe! Put not yourselves forward before Allah and His

Messenger; but fear Allah: for Allah is He Who hears and knows all things.

049.002 O ye who believe! Raise not your voices above the voice of the

Prophet, nor speak aloud to him in talk, as ye may speak aloud to one
another, lest your deeds become vain and ye perceive not.

049.003 Those that lower their voices in the presence of Allah's Messenger,-

their hearts has Allah tested for piety: for them is Forgiveness and a great
Reward.

049.004 Those who shout out to thee from without the inner

apartments - most of them lack understanding.

049.005 If only they had patience until thou couldst come out to them,

it would be best for them: but Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

049.006 O ye who believe! If a wicked person comes to you with any

news, ascertain the truth, lest ye harm people unwittingly, and

afterwards become full of repentance for what ye have done.

049.007 And know that among you is Allah's Messenger: were
he, in many matters, to follow your (wishes), ye would
certainly fall into misfortune: But Allah has endeared the
Faith to you, and has made it beautiful in your hearts, and
He has made hateful to you Unbelief, wickedness, and
rebellion: such indeed are those who walk in righteousness;

049.008 A Grace and Favour from Allah; and Allah is full of
Knowledge and Wisdom.

Medinan Surah
Right after Surah al-Fath

048.028 It is He Who has sent His Messenger with Guidance and the Religion of
Truth, to proclaim it over all religion: and enough is Allah for a Witness.

048.029 Muhammad is the messenger of Allah; and those who are with
him are strong against Unbelievers, (but) compassionate amongst
each other. Thou wilt see them bow and prostrate themselves (in
prayer), seeking Grace from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure. On their
faces are their marks, (being) the traces of their prostration.

Subject: Unifying the Muslim community

around two core principles to equip them to
struggle to spread the light of Islam
throughout the world.
Contextual and general interpretation
Mainly principles; not laws. Universality of
the Quran.

Ayaat 1-8
Foundations of an Islamic State

Ayaat 9-12
Practical steps to curtail disunity

Ayaat 13-18
Citizenship

No racism
Difference between Islam and Iman

049.001O Ye who believe! Put not yourselves forward before Allah and His Messenger;
but fear Allah: for Allah is He Who hears and knows all things.

Sovereignty belongs to Allah; man is vicegerent !

The progeny of Adam inherited this position
The rebellious lost it
Just like an individual is bound by divine laws, a society,
and state are as well.
Freedom in submission



Yusuf: 67

Al-Kahaf :26

How do you know what Allah wants? Through the

Messenger:

004.059O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged
with authority among you.

- Repeated for the Messenger not for the ulul amr.

No obedience of creation in the disobedience of the creator

Within the boundaries they act in accordance

with this principle.
No totalitarianism

No legislation will be done repugnant to the

Quran and Sunnah
Iqrarun bil-lisan
Directive principle versus operative clause.

049.001O Ye who believe! Put not yourselves

forward before Allah and His Messenger; but fear
Allah: for Allah is He Who hears and knows all
things.

Addresses all categories of Muslims

Only once in the Meccan Quran (arguable)
5 times in this Surah

- The spirit of the law!

Love of the Prophet

The first principle was more

constitutional/legal; the second is relatively
more emotional/sentimental
Second is detailed more; first is detailed all
over the Quran Tawheed-i-uluhiya
First dealt with itaa; second deals with itiba

A universal weakness- craving for heroes

Others have to artificially carve out heroes for
themselves; new one for each age
Lenin, Stalin, founding fathers, Iqbal, Jinnah etc.
They bring people closer

The universality of his personality makes him

a timeless mercy ensuring
Cultural continuity
Cultural homogeneity
United by his love









049.002 O ye who believe! Raise not your voices above the voice of the
Prophet, nor speak aloud to him in talk, as ye may speak aloud to
one another, lest your deeds become vain and ye perceive not.

049.003 Those that lower their voices in the presence of Allah's

Messenger,- their hearts has Allah tested for piety: for them is
Forgiveness and a great Reward.

The means to earn taqwa: honor and respect him!

049.004 Those who shout out to thee from without the inner

apartments - most of them lack understanding.

049.005 If only they had patience until thou couldst come out to them,

it would be best for them: but Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

049.006 O ye who believe! If a wicked person comes to you with any

news, ascertain the truth, lest ye harm people unwittingly, and

afterwards become full of repentance for what ye have done.

Know!

He may be your nephew, husband, father-in-law, son-in-law; but know! He is Rasulullah!

049.007 And know that among you is Allah's Messenger: were he, in many matters, to follow your

(wishes), ye would certainly fall into misfortune: But Allah has endeared the Faith to you, and
has made it beautiful in your hearts, and He has made hateful to you Unbelief, wickedness,
and rebellion: such indeed are those who walk in righteousness;049.008

A Grace and Favour from Allah; and Allah is full of Knowledge and Wisdom.

And know that his sunnah is among you!

Shelve your intellects, philosophies, and sayings.

You can research the authenticity of the hadith; if its sahih then shush!
Lest your righteous acts go to waste and you dont even realize it.

What is the fundamental principle of the

Islamic state?
Why are there very detailed laws for
individual, familial, and even social affairs,
but fewer for the economic and political?
- was repeated for the messenger but not

for the ulil amr. Relate a saying of Abu Bakr

that is a tafseer of this omission.

What are the harms of overly lionizing

personalities?
What is the difference between itiba and
itaa?
Which ayaat of Surah al-Fath do ayaat 2-8
elaborate, and how?
What is the recipe of attaining taqwa?
Now that the Messenger SAW has passed
away, how do we apply the ayaat 2-8 in our
lives?

Ayaat 6, 9-12

049.006 O ye who believe! If a wicked person

comes to you with any news, ascertain the

truth, lest ye harm people unwittingly, and
afterwards become full of repentance for what
ye have done.

049.009 If two parties among the Believers fall into a quarrel, make ye
peace between them: but if one of them transgresses beyond bounds
against the other, then fight ye (all) against the one that
transgresses until it complies with the command of Allah; but if it
complies, then make peace between them with justice, and be fair:
for Allah loves those who are fair (and just).

049.010 The Believers are but a single Brotherhood: So make peace and

reconciliation between your two (contending) brothers; and fear Allah, that
ye may receive Mercy.

049.011 O ye who believe! Let not some men among you laugh at others: It may be
that the (latter) are better than the (former): Nor let some women laugh at others: It
may be that the (latter are better than the (former): Nor defame nor be sarcastic to
each other, nor call each other by (offensive) nicknames: Ill-seeming is a name
connoting wickedness, (to be used of one) after he has believed: And those who do
not desist are (indeed) doing wrong.

049.012 O ye who believe! Avoid suspicion as much (as possible): for suspicion in some

cases is a sin: And spy not on each other , and do not backbite. Would any of you like
to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Nay, ye would abhor it...But fear Allah: For
Allah is Oft-Returning, Most Merciful.

049.006 O ye who believe! If a wicked person

comes to you with any news, ascertain the

truth, lest ye harm people unwittingly, and
afterwards become full of repentance for what
ye have done.

Naba- Important news

Whos bringing it?
Ascertain

If you dont
Imp decisions with huge consequences
The wild-fire!

Hadith:
Doesnt add anything; simply transmits!

Special attention in transmitting ahadith!

Asma-ur-Rijal !

tis but human to err!

At times both parties are sincere and theres an

outside influence
no takfeer!

No sitting on the bench!

Nip the evil in the bud!
Its an order!

but if one of them transgresses against the other

Refuses a truce and remains stubborn harming the Muslim

unity
Transgresses the terms of a truce

then fight against the transgressor

The entire ummah against the transgressor

until it complies with the command of Allah

but if it complies, then make peace between them

with justice, and be fair
Justice and fair-play; highlighted twice!
Over-exuberance in enacting the shariah makes you unjust

Further encouragement!

The Believers are but a single Brotherhood: So make

peace and reconciliation between your two (contending)
brothers;
Brothers fight a lot
Innately you cannot stand two brothers fighting and
you want to resolve the conflict.
More shyateen active against bros for Islam
The hadith

Easy to say that Palestinians are my brothers


and have the taqwa of Allah, that you may
receive Mercy.

That day will come

Just make sure youre of the people who

unite and not of those who create divisions;
deluded into thinking youre doing dawah

Prevalent
Belittled
Destructive
Disunite

O you who believe! Let not some men among you laugh at others: It may be that
the (latter) are better than the (former): Nor let some women laugh at others: It
may be that the (latter) are better than the (former):

Women mentioned separately; a break in the norm

More vulnerable
Men addressed first though!

Cause for discord

Between buddies
Groups/Races/Tribes

Appearances may be deceptive

Bilal RA

You make fun based on appearance unaware of what rests in

the heart
Indicative of your ego

Dont defame/pick faults/be sarcastic
Towards who? YOURSELVES!!
Hadith: Dont abuse your parents

Even if he doesnt respond; the rift has been
created
Enemies can now enter
Yardstick for Iman:

Give your brothers the benefit of doubt;
Youll benefit the most

Dont lie in wait of others faults

Invest your time in something constructive
Spy on your ownself!

! Imagine cannibals
A corpse cant defend itself

List the 8 points ways of safeguarding Muslim

unity as explained Surah Hujraat
Give examples of they cause discord in our daily

lives

What do the three points in ayah 11 have in

common in contrast to those in ayah 12.
Are there any exceptions to the donts given
in ayah 12?
How many times does Allah mention taqwa in
this surah?

Ayaat 13-18

049.013 O mankind! We created you from a single

(pair) of a male and a female, and made you into

nations and tribes, that you may know each other
(not that you may despise (each other). Verily the
most honored of you in the sight of Allah is (he
who is) the most righteous of you. And Allah has
full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all
things).

049.014 The desert Arabs say, "We believe." Say, You have no faith; but you

(should only)say, 'We have submitted our will to Allah,' For not yet has
Faith entered your hearts. But if you obey Allah and His Messenger, He will
not belittle any of your deeds: for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful."

049.015

049.015 Only those are Believers who have believed in Allah and His

Messenger, and have never since doubted, but have struggled with their
belongings and their persons in the Cause of Allah: Such are the sincere
ones.

049.016

049.016 Say: "What! Will ye instruct Allah about your religion? But Allah
knows all that is in the heavens and on earth: He has full knowledge of all
things.

049.017

049.017 They impress on you as a favor that they have embraced Islam. Say,
"Count not your Islam as a favor upon me: Nay, Allah has conferred a favor
upon you that He has guided you to the faith, if you be true and sincere.

049.018

049.018 Verily Allah knows the secrets of the heavens and the earth: and
Allah Sees well all that ye do."

Addressees change

Universal truth

1. One Creator!

Reject this and that disunites you!

2. Same parents

Zealous rejection at times

So that you know each other

Wheres he from, history, qualities etc.

The diversity in Allahs creation

Say no to racism
Rejecting the creator and common ancestry paves
the way for racial and/or national enmities.
Work for Taqwa!
Do we start judging each other on that then?

Allah knows!

Connect to the subject before
Racial pride leads to the sordid six
! Allah created you all

The distinction is not based on color,

nationality, language etc. Its based on taqwa.

You cant change your race no matter you do

but you can work towards taqwa.
The day you declare shahada you can stand
next to the Sheikh-ul-Islam in salah!

The Global Village

Multiple states; warring and competing
Universal suicide

Need for a universal state

League of Nations and UNO
Super failures

Only universal commonalities

One Creator and one ancestry

Ayah 14

The most important ayah on this subject

For the most part they are synonyms and
used interchangebly
Eeman is the state of the heart and Islam is its

practical manifestation

Did not leave it at that:

They can claim to have surrendered though

From His mercy

Meccan periond
Eeman preceded Islam

Medinan period
Aws and Khazraj entered as tribes
Hypocrites emerged

Conquest of Mecca
Quraish, hawazan, and thaqif fell
The Messenger salallahualaihi wassalam, is the

most powerful Arab.

A tribal decision converts people but not hearts!

There are exceptions:

009.099But

some of the desert Arabs believe in Allah and

the Last Day, and look on their payments as pious gifts
bringing them nearer to Allah and obtaining the prayers
of the Messenger. Aye, indeed they bring them nearer
(to Him): soon will Allah admit them to His Mercy: for
Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.

!We fall under the same category

Born into Islam

But we have a chance:

You dont have Iman but He has mercy and

!forgiveness

No room for partial obedience

To score full in one order and ignore, reject, stomp

on the other? Transgression, stubbornness,

audacity, and jesting with Allah!

And when I fall down, I just pick myself back up!

But if I insist on staying in the mud

In an Islamic State
Citizenship is based on Islam

In aakhira
Salvation is based on Eeman
What is Eeman?

049.015 Only those are Believers who have believed in

Allah and His Messenger, and have never since doubted,

but have struggled with their belongings and their persons
in the Cause of Allah: Such are the sincere ones.

The most important ayah on the subject

Jamal is a doctor and Only Jamal is a doctor

The Bedouins claim as well; but only these people

are true to their claim!

Eeman
1st is ideological: Believe in Allah and Rasulullah,

then dont doubt. We spoke about this in detail

before

2nd is practical:

What it is not
War; the pinnacle of Jihad but not restricted to it.
Any war fought by any Muslim

What it is:
to strive for something

vs
=
or

i.e. struggle

Inevitable consequence of sincerity:

E.g. a Marxist and a capitalist
Believer in Allah and His Messenger

049.016

049.016 Say: "What! Will ye instruct Allah about your religion? But Allah
knows all that is in the heavens and on earth: He has full knowledge of all
things.

049.017

049.017 They impress on you as a favor that they have embraced Islam. Say,
"Count not your Islam as a favor upon me: Nay, Allah has conferred a favor
upon you that He has guided you to the faith, if you be true and sincere.

049.018

049.018 Verily Allah knows the secrets of the heavens and the earth: and
Allah Sees well all that ye do."