Types of Layout

Concept and examples.

Layout?
Plant layout ideally involves allocation of space and arrangement of equipment in such a manner that overall operating costs are minimized.

Objectives of Layout
1. Efficient utilization of available floor space 2. To ensure that work proceeds from one point to another point without any delay 3. Provide enough production capacity. 4. Reduce material handling costs 5. Reduce hazards to personnel 6. Utilize labor efficiently 7. Increase employee morale
Imagine Kooli @ Airports :-)

Objectives of Layout.Cont.. 8. Reduce accidents

9. Provide for volume and product flexibility 10.Provide ease of supervision and control 11.Provide for employee safety and health 12.Allow ease of maintenance 13.Allow high machine or equipment utilization 14.Improve productivity

Types of Layout
1. Manufacturing units (Product; Process; Fixed Position Combined) 1. Traders (Self service; Full service; Special) 1. Service Establishments

Types of Layout
1. Manufacturing units a. Product; b. Process; c. Fixed Position d. Combined

1.Manufacturing Layout

a. Product layout(line Layout): move form one workstation The materials

to another sequentially without any backtracking or deviation. Materials are fed into 1st machine and semi-finished goods travel automatically from machine to machine. The output of one machine becoming input of the next. Eg: Food Processing Unit; Paper mill

1.Manufacturing Layout

a. Product layout(line Layout): Eg: Paper mill

1.Manufacturing Layout
Advantage

a. Product layout(line Layout):

Disadvantage 1.Initial cost is v.high 2.Repetitive process

1.Low material handling cost 2.Continuous work 3.Optimum floor space

1.Manufacturing Layout b. Process

(functional)layout: similar In this type of layout machines of a

type are arranged together at one place. The work has to be allocated to each department in such a way that no machines are chosen to do as many different job as possible.

Eg: Process oriented layout for an hospital

1.Manufacturing Layout b. Process

(functional)layout:
Eg: Process oriented layout for an hospital
ER triage room Surgery Patient A - broken leg Emergency room admissions Patient B - erratic heart pacemaker Laboratories

Radiology

ER Beds

Pharmacy

Billing/exit

1.Manufacturing Layout

b. Process layout:
Advantage 1.Low capital 2.Overhead cost are relatively low. 3.Effective supervision Disadvantage 1.High material handling cost 2.Time lag is higher

1.Manufacturing Layout c. Fixed (position)

layout: Here, Major products being produced is fixed

at one location. All other facilities are brought and arranged around the work center. Eg: Ship building, Dam construction, flyover construction.

1.Manufacturing Layout c. Fixed (position) layout:

Eg: Ship building, Dam & flyover construction.

1.Manufacturing Layout c. Fixed (position) layout:

Advantage 1.Save cost, as customization is necessary Disadvantage 1.Lengthy production period, heavy investment cost 2.Several operations are carried out simultaniously.

1.Manufacturing Layout d. Combined layout:

In many manufacturing units, several products are produced in repeated numbers with no likelihood of continuous production,combined layout is followed. Eg: Soap industry, all inputs are almost manufactured in separate units viz glycerin, water treatment, fragrance etc.

1.Manufacturing Layout d.Combined layout:

Eg: Soaps

Types of Layout
If 2 merchandising shops are similar, the customer will buy products in shops which is more appealing to them. 2.Traders Layout types a. Self service; b. Full service; c. Special type;

2.Traders Layout a. Self service layout:

In Vishal Mega mart or wal-mart, you can pick FMCG, Grocery, Small utensils, cloths. Eg: FMCG section of organized retail follow this type of layout.

2.Traders Layout b. Full service

In organised retail shops you are not allowed to touch, feel and carry the high valued goods. Eg: Electronic goods, Jewelry, camera, mobile phones.

2.Traders Layout c. Special layouts

Some shops need special layouts to get the attention of customers. Eg: Pop-corn shop, Britannia/Priyagold customized shops in railway stations.

Now its Quiz time:

How many planets in the solar system have rings?

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune all have rings.

The aim of a good store layout should be

Customer convenience Stocking salable goods in an attractive manner All of these Reduce waste space Near to customers residence.

Identify self-service type of layout..

A jewelry shop Shoe shop FMCG section of Supermarket Coffee shop Juice shop