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3 Potential D
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Shahid Mukhlis Physics Form 5

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Electrical Potential

The electric potential V at a point in an electric field is the work done to bring a unit ( 1 Coulomb) positive charge from infinity to the point.

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Potential Difference (Voltage)

The potential difference (p.d.) between two points is defined as the energy converted from electrical to other forms when one coulomb of positive charge passes between the two points.

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Unit of Potential Difference

The SI unit of potential difference is the same as that for e.m.f., i.e. the volt. We define the volt as follows: potential difference (p.d.) between two points in a conductor is 1 volt if 1 joule of energy is converted from electrical to other forms when 1 coulomb of positive charge flows through it.

The

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Formula of Potential Difference

Example 4/17/12

How much energy had been transfer when 5 C charges moved across a potential difference of 10V?

Answer:

The

charge, Q = 5C difference, V = 10V E=?

Potential Energy,

4/17/12 Ohm's Law

The

current flowing in the metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across its ends, provided that the physical conditions ( such as temperature ) are constant.

4/17/12 Formula

Any other conductors, other than metallic conductors, which obey Ohms Law are described as Ohmic conductors.

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What is the current through an 8 toaster when it is operating on 240V?

Answer:

(In

this question, 2 physical quantities are given, they are the "240V" and "80". The question doesn't tell what quantites they are. However we can recognise these quantities from its unit. is the unit of resistance whereas V is the unit of potential difference.) R = 80

Resistance, Potential

difference, V = 240V

4/17/12 Resistance

The

resistance R of a material is defined as the ratio V : I, where V is the potential difference across the material and I is the current flowing in it.

Unit: The SI unit of resistance is the ohm (). One ohm is the resistance of a material through which a current of one ampere flows when a potential difference of one volt is maintained.

Resistivity 4/17/12
The

resistance R of a given conductor depends on the: l, Longer wire - Higher Resistance area A, Thicker wire - Lower Resistance Higher temperature - Higher Resistance type of material copper has resistance lower than iron

length

cross-sectional temperature

the

Superconductor 4/17/12
Superconductors

are materials where their electrical resistance is exactly zero at some relatively low temperature. of Superconductor Train (MagLev)

Application 1. Magnetic

Resonance Imaging (MRI)

2. Magnetic-Levitation 3. Electric

generators