ATMOSFER

KULIAH MINGGU KEDUA METKLIM

Emilya Nurjani Lab. Hidrometeorologi dan Kualitas Udara

SEBELUMNYA
Meteorologi klimatologi Cuaca dan iklim

atmosfer
Lapisan gas Melindungi bumi Ada gaya gravitasi Menyelimuti bumi Kenapa penting ?????

Kenapa atmosfer penting?

Untuk menopang kehidupan? Sebagai media transportasi Mengurangi perbedaan suhu ekstrim Melindungi bumi dari benda benda angkasa dan radiasi matahari Mempertahankan kondisi iklim di bumi Menyaring sinar UV Tempat pembuang zat pencemar Memantulkan atau memancarkan gel.radio

Kenapa troposfer penting?

Cuaca berlangsung pada lapisan ini Terdapat uap air-proses evaporasi dan transpirasi berlangsung Banyak oksigen Sebagai sumber air Penyerapan gel pendek Tempat hidup makhluk hidup

 Elevasi naik - Tekanan turun suhu turun ????? Naik 100 meter suhu turun 0,5 derajat celcius Kenapa??????? Badai tropis tidak ada di Indonesia Terjadi variasi hujan di setiap daerah di Indonesia

quiz
Litosfer Atmosfer Argon Temperatur Pressure Nitrogen Gas Uap Air Earth Velocity

MATERI SEKARANG
Bagaimanakah atmosfer terbentuk? Atmosfer berisi gas apa saja? Berapakah tebal atmosfer? Bagaimanakah perlapisan atmosfer atmosfer

KUIS
B E D F H K L W I I S S D F H J E A R G O N O P Q R L S U T U V O S A T E R Y H T P N I T R O G E N U G W M S K I R J G T F F D A X G A J E M O M E U I K O G A E S Y K P D R T S S U H J K S H C Y B Z A O J T T S S P W U F P J E U A A N T K K U O P I H A H H K I I I B G A L R M L I I J E R E A R T H C H R E Z X V L M O O R R U T U T P E T K I L E R T E M P E R A T U R E S

Dan juga penjelasan materi minggu depan

ATMOSFER BUMI

Atmosfer bumi, unik beda dengan lainya

Planet Merkuri Sangat panas Atmosfernya sangat tipis

VENUS
Sangat panas (434oC) Atmosfer tebal Berawan asam dan menahan panas

MARS
Dingin Atmosfernya sangat tipis Windy and dusty

BUMI

Terjadinya atmosfer
Bumi terbentuk 4500 juta tahun lalu, atmosfer hanya berisi hidrogen akibat hantaman sinar matahari di kulit luar bumi Lalu, uap air, methan, amonia dan hidrogen akibat lelehnya interior bumi

selanjutnya ..
3000 juta tahun lalu, pendinginan batuan uap air, nitrogen, karbon dioksida. Belum ada free oksigen Oksigen bebas terbentuk dari Urrey effect dan photosynthesis

 Oksigen bebas baru cukup untuk kehidupan sekitar 400 juta tahun lalu. oksigen = oksigen saat ini saat 300 juta tahun lalu,

Jadi atmosfer merupakan sesuatu yang dinamis dan mengalami perubahan

Atmosphere

The earth is surrounded by all kind of gases. This layer is called the earth's Atmosphere. Without this atmosphere life on earth isn't possible. It gives us air, water, heat, and protects us against harmful rays of the sun and against meteorites. This layer around the earth is a colorless, odorless, tasteless 'sea' of gases, water and fine dust. The atmosphere is made up of different layers with different qualities. It consists of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 0,93 percent argon, 0,03 percent carbon dioxide and 0,04 percent of other gases. The Troposphere is the layer where the weather happens. Above this layer is the Stratosphere and in between them is the Ozone layer, that absorbs the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. Above the Stratosphere is the Mesosphere, the Thermosphere including the Ionosphere - and the Exosphere. The atmosphere measures about 500 miles (700km).

Atmosphere
The

atmosphere has at the upper side no clear boundary, because higher in the atmosphere, the layer becomes thinner and thinner. It constantly loses molecules of lighter gases such as helium and hydrogen. The further we get from the earth, the atmosphere is divided in thin layers, based on changes in the temperature.

The Troposphere
Lapisan paling bawah (7 miles/12 km) 75 % gas dan air dan debu As the sun heats the ground, it keeps this thick mixture churning. The weather is caused by these churnings of the mass. The troposphere is normally warmest at ground level and cools higher up where it reaches its upper boundary (the tropopause). The tropopause varies in height. At the equator it is at 11,2 miles(8 km) high, at 50 N and 50 S, 5,6 miles(9 km) and at the poles 3,7 miles(6 km)

Stratosphere
The Stratosphere extends from the tropopause up to its boundary (the Stratopause), 31 miles(50 km) above the Earth's surface. In this layer there is 19 percent of the atmosphere's gases and it contains little water vapour. Compared to the troposphere it is calm in this layer. The movements of the gases are slow. Within the stratosphere is the ozone layer, a band of ozone gas, that absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. The higher you get in the atmosphere, the warmer the air gets. The temperature rises from -76 F(-60 C) at the bottom to a maximum of about 5 F(10 C) at the stratopause

Mesosphere
The mesosphere is the next layer above the stratopause and extends to its upper boundary (the Mesopause), at 50 miles(80 km) above the ground. The gases in the mesosphere are too thin to absorb much of the sun's heat. Although the air is still thick enough to slow down meteorites hurtling into the atmosphere. They burn up, leaving fiery trails in the night sky. The temperatures in the mesosphere drop to -184 F(-120 C) at the mesopause

 The Thermosphere is the layer above the mesopause. The gases of the thermosphere are even thinner than those in the mesosphere, but they absorb ultraviolet light from the sun. Because of this, the temperatures rise to 3,600 F (2,000 C) at the top. This is at a height of 430 miles (700 km) of the earth's surface. In the thermosphere is a separate layer, the Ionosphere. This layer extends of 62 miles(100 km) to 190 miles(300 km) of the earth's surface.

Thermosphere

Ionosphere
The ionosphere is part of the thermosphere. It is made of electrically charged gas particles (ionised). The particles get this electric charge by ultraviolet rays of the sun. The ionosphere has the important quality of bouncing radio signals, transmitted from the earth. Thats why places all over the world can be reached via radio.

Exosphere

The Exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere and extends from 430 miles(700 km) to 500 miles(800 km) above the ground. In this layer gases get thinner and thinner and drift off into space.

What influence does the Atmosphere have?

The atmosphere is of vital importance for life on earth. Without atmosphere life would be impossible. It gives us air to breathe and protects us from meteorites and ultraviolet rays from the sun. The atmosphere absorbs so much heat that temperatures on earth are such that life is possible. The weather, that exists by constant circulation of water to water vapor, to rain to water. This cycle causes, together with the differences in temperature and circulation of air (wind), erosion of the earth's surface. By erosion the outside of the earth changes through the years.

Fungsi Atmosfer bagi Lingkungan