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TYPE OF NUMBER
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ARITHMETIC

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THE REAL NUMBER SYSTEM

The real number system evolved over time by expanding the notion of what we mean by the word number. At first, number meant something you could count, like how many sheep a farmer owns. These are called the natural numbers, or sometimes the counting numbers. real number also known as R

The

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THE REAL NUMBER LINE

A

line with real number with each number is called a real number line. to the right are greater than points to the left.

Points

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THE REAL NUMBER R

REAL NUMBER SYSTEM

Classification

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of number NAME SYMBOL Natural Number N Whole Number Integers Rational Number W Z Q

Irrational Number

EXAMPLE 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, . 0,1,2,3,4,5,6, . ,-3,-2,1,0,1,2,3, _4,1 7 2 4 = 0.8 5 = 3.141592654 3=

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ARITHMETIC
ARITHMETIC OPERATION

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ARITHMETIC OPERATION
The

basic arithmetic operation that can be known. SYMBOL OPERATION + ADDITION _ * / SUBSTRACTION MULTIPLICATION DIVISION

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FACTOR AND MULTIPLES

Factor.

- The number you multiple to get the product. the product of 36 have a several

Example,

factor. 1x36 = 36 2x18 = 36 3x12 = 36 4 x 9 = 36 6 x 6 = 36

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FINDING FACTOR
Start

with 1x the number. Try several number such as 2,3,4. you get double (4x4), mean you are

Then, If

the number are repeat, cross it out.

When

done.

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WHAT ARE THE FACTOR OF 36 ?

1 x 36 2 x 18 3 x 12 4x9 5 x ??? 5 is not the factor, so, cross it out. 6 x 6 double = done the factor of 36 is 1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36.

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FACTORS AND MULTIPLES

Multiples.

with

- is formes by multiplying a given number counting number. - the counting number are such as 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, etc.

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EXAMPLE : LIST THE MULTIPLE OF 6 :

1x6=6 2 x 6 =12 3 x 6 = 18 4 x 6 = 24 5 x 6 = 30 6 x 6 = 36 7 x 6 = 42 counting numbers. - so, the multiple of 6 are 6,12,18,24,30,36,42, etc.

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WHAT THE FIRST 6 MULTIPLES OF 12 ?

1 x 12 = 12 2 x 12 = 24 3 x 12 = 36 4 x 12 = 48 5 x 12 = 60 6 x 12 = 72 - So, the first 6 of multiples of 12 is 12,24,36,48,60,72.

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ARITHMETIC
PRIME AND COMPOSITE FACTOR
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PRIME AND COMPOSITE FACTOR

Composite

number have more than two factor.

- example : 10, 24, 30, 60, 120

Prime

factor. One and the number itself. -example : 3, 5, 7, 11, 31

factor are the number that have two

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ARITHMETIC
PRIME FACTOR

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PRIME FACTOR
Use

the factor tree to help you to find PRIME FACTOR.

WRITE 24 AS THE PRODUCT OF ITS PRIME FACTOR.

24 6 3 2 2 4 2

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24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 prime factor !!!

WRITE 80 AS THE PRODUCT OF PRIME FACTOR.

80 8 4 2 5 10 2

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80 = 2 x 2 x 4 x 5 prime factor !!!

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ARITHMETIC
HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR & LOWEST COMMON FACTOR
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FIND THE HCF AND LCM OF 36 & 90.

36 9 3 3 9 3 2 4 2 5 10 2 3 90

- Prime factor are now have been found.

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FACTOR TREES.
Prime

factor :

36 = 3 x 3 x 2 x 2 90 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 - Now, we need to find HCF & LCM. (Highest Common Factor) & (Lowest Common Multiple)

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HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR (HCF)

To

find HCF: - Do the factorization of each integer. - List them in column. - Find the full column.

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HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR (HCF)

Example

: Find the HCF of 12, 14, 20 2 2 2 2 2 5 2 3 7

12 14 20 HCF

So,

the HCF of 12, 14 and 20 is 2.

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LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)

To

find LCM:

- Do the prime factorization of each integer. - List them in column. - For each column, write down the value of the factor, then multiply it to get LCM.

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LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)

Example:

Find the LCM of 8, 16, 22. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 11

8 16 22 LCM

So,

the LCM of 8, 16, and 22 is 176.

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ARITHMETIC
ORDER OF OPERATION (BEDMAS)
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ORDER OF OPERATION (BEDMAS)

What

is BEDMAS ? BEDMAS is: B = Bracket E = Exponent D = Division M = Multiple A = Addition S = Substraction

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ORDER OF OPERATION
Example

(8 - 5) x (4 + 2) / 3 = ? - How to solve it? - By using BEDMAS - In this case, we must identify it first.

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ORDER OF OPERATION (BEDMAS)

Solution

(8 5) x (4 +2 ) / 3 = 3x6/3 = 3x2 =6 -So, by using BEDMAS, we can solve the operation easily and get the correct answer.

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ARITHMETIC

DECIMAL NUMBER
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DECIMAL NUMBER
Dividing We

the numerator by the denominator. the decimal point. : Number 3.456 Operation x 10 Answer 34.56

convert the fraction to decimal.

Shifting

Example

Shift one places to the right Shift two places to the right Shift three

789.432

x 100

78943.2

18.934

x 1000

18934

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RECURRING DECIMAL
Some

division will end exactly and produce more number. : 53 / 22 = 2.363636364

Example

In

other case, the division will never work, the number after decimal will go on without end. In this case we called it RECURRING DECIMAL. : 4 / 3 = 1.333333 3 / 111 = 0.027027027027

Example

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ADDING / SUBTRACTING DECIMAL

Align Bring

the decimal

the decimal down with the correct line of decimal. : 123.456 + 12.34 = ? : 123.456 + 12.34 135.796

Example Solution

By

using the correct method, we can solve the operation easily and get the corret answer.

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MULTIPLYING DECIMAL
Multiply Count

normally.

factor.

the number decimal spaces in both

Move

your answer decimal this number of spaces. : 7.63 x 0.4 = ? : 7.63 x .4 3052. ( 2 decimal) ( 1 decimal) 3.052 ( 3

Example

Solution

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DIVIDING DECIMAL (LONG DIVISION)

Move

the divisor decimal enough spaces so that will become whole number. move the decimal point. : 643.22 / 0.2 321.61 2 ) 643.22

Dont

Example Solution

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DIVIDING DECIMAL (FRACTION)

Count

the number of decimal spaces in the numerator and the denominator. the larger of these value. : Move each decimal 3 places.

Choose Reduce

123.456 = 123456 = 61728 = 30864 = 10288 0.3 300 150 75 25 * The only prime factor of 25 is 5, since 10288 is not available in 5, the operation is done.

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TYPE OF FRACTION
TYPE OF FRACTION PROPER FRACTION DEFINITION Numerator < denominator EXAMPLE 5 , 6 , 13 8 14 19

IMPROPER FRACTION MIXED FRACTION

Numerator = or > denominator Whole number plus fraction

7 , 13 , 3 4 9 1 4 6+ 9 = 6 4 9

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CONVERSION
Convert Divide

improper to mixed.

N by D as far as possible and express any remainder as a proper fraction. : Express 13 as a mixed number. 6 Solution : 2 6 ) 13 - 12 1
1

Example

answer : 6

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CONVERSION
Mixed

to improper

Multiply

the whole number by D, add N. Place the total over N. : 3 3 2 (3 x 3) + 2 3 11 3

Example

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ARITHMETIC
RATIO AND PROPORTION
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RATIO AND PROPORTION

Ratio

: It is a comparison of two objects. Often express as a fraction. : There are 3 Indian for every 15 student.

Example

Solution

: 3 : 15 or 3 15

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RATIO AND PROPORTION

Proportion

: - An equation that states two ratio are equal. : There are 3 Indian for every 9 student. How many Indian are there are 27 student ? :
Indian Student 3 9 x 27

Example

there if
Solution

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HOW TO SOLVE ???

Using

(MPE)

the Multiplication Property of Equality : 3 27 3 9 x 27 27

Solution

3(3)=x 9 Indian = x

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HOW TO SOLVE ???

Cross

multiplication. : 3 = 9 x 27 cross multiply

Solution

27 ( 3 ) = 9 (x) 81 = 9x 9 Indian = x

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THANK YOU