CHAPTER 5: GROWTH

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Growth is a process of change in size, appearance and function in an organism. occurs because of an increase in the quantity of cells in an organism. in humans occurs in the whole body. However the rate of human growth is different at different age levels.

Growth

Growth

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 Human 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

growth is divided into 5 stages: Infancy or babyhood Childhood Adolescence Adulthood Old age

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 From

the graph of human height, it can be concluded that:

the rate of growth is very fast at infancy. Children experience slower growth rate Adolescence experience faster growth rate than that in small children. The rate of growth in adults is almost zero (does not experience any growth)

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Growth in height and weight

Height

and weight are used to measure the rate of human growth. rate of growth in males is different from that in females.

The

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 During

infancy(0-2 years)

Infants undergo rapid growth. The growth rate in males is the same as that in females.

During

childhood(2-12 years)

The growth rate is slow for both boys and girls. However, the growth rate in a male child is faster than that in a female child.

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 During

adolescence (12-20)

The growth rate is rapid for boys and girls. 12 14 years

Females is faster than males This is because female reaches puberty earlier than male. Female is taller than male at early adolescent stage.

14 20 years
The male and female will continue to experience growth after reaching puberty. Physical growth in female will stop by the age about 17-18 years. Males at about 18 20 years.

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 During

adulthood (20 years and above)

Male will be taller than female because the period of growth in males is longer than that in females. Both female and male experience minimal growth at this stage.

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Effects of nutrition on the growth of children

Proper

nutrition is necessary for healthy mental and physical growth in children. Lack of nutritious elements in a childs diet result in stunted growth. Children must get good and sufficient nutrition for growth. However, eating too much results in obesity and tooth decay.

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NUTRIENT PROTEIN

IMPORTANCE Builds new tissues in the body.

CARBOHYDRATES OR FAT Supply more energy because children are very active. CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS Forms strong bones and AND VITAMIN D teeth. IRON VITAMINS Forms red blood cells. Builds bodys defence against diseases.
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