Innovation Mysteries - Opening The Pandora Box For Scribd

How We Innovate ~~
crafting innovation together

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Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
April 19, 2012
Innovation Mysteries
Opening the Pandoras Box

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Pandoras Box
From Wikipedia This is an engraving of Pandora trying to close the "box" that she had opened out of curiosity. At left, the evils of the world taunt her as they escape. The engraving is based on a painting by F.S. Church. Navneet Bhushan (navneet.bhushan@crafitti.com) Crafitti Consulting (www.crafitti.com)
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Is Innovation Emergence of something NEW?


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. Requires painstaking hard work

Artist assistants stand next to 3,604 cups of coffee which have been made into a giant Mona Lisa in Sydney , Australia . The 3,604 cups of coffee were each filled with different amounts of milk to create the different shades!!

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http://www.fastcodesign.com/1662020/eye-candy-solidvase-is-a-3-d-pic-of-splashing-milk
The Singaporean designer Fung Kwok Pan has managed to capture the flow of water in solid form, and the results are stunning.
Innovation Mystery #1
Higher the position in a company, more the person talks about Innovation and less he actually do it. Why?
Everyone is interested in produce of innovation but rarely people are interested in knowing how to innovate
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"Everybody wants to goto to heaven but no one is willing to die (put in hard work)". :)
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Most of us like to advise others on innovation rarely applying those advisory principles on our own self
Post Facto - every innovation is obvious but when we were at the change point rarely we will choose the change path
Ideas are available - cheaply!

We are ALL Idea shops!!!
It is all about
Execution!
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Patents can not be used for inventing the future!

Patents are what lawyers do!
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Lawyers know about patent law means they know about innovation!!
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INVENTORS
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Solving Innovation Mysteries!!!!
Like Sherlock Holmes!!!

WHAT IS INNOVATION ..
M.K. Gandhi You be the CHANGE that you want to see in the world
Successful exploitation of IDEAS (New/Old) to change the way one understands, generate options, choose options, implement options to generate desired effects
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INNOVATION
Successful creation of change by (new) ideas. Anyone can

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do Innovation by Thinking
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INNOVATION
Anyone can do Innovation by Thinking

Now YOU will teach me How to THINK!!!!!!

We Are All Born Creative.

BUT
It is Taught OUT of US
A childs Creativity LET US REDecreases 90% from 5 to LEARN TO age 7? At 40 it is mere INVENT!!!! 2% of what we had!!!!!!!
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crafting i novation together While the definingn measurement of (old world) was weight the defining measurement of the globalization system is speed speed of commerce, travel, communication and innovation
Thomas L. Friedman, The Lexus and Olive Tree
Flattening World
And we dont even realize it
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Complexity in a Flattening World

Rapid Explosion of Complexity
Human Processing Limits (The Magic Number 7 2) Framing Limits Confidence
Number of alternatives Time pressure Need for analysis Information de-coherence Connections Networks
Connections create Value and Dependencies create complexity Future is approaching us Faster than History is leaving us! Increasing distance between user requirements of what they really need versus what they want. With every choice we make today we Kill many possible futures
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Industrial "Success" Curve

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3000 Raw Ideas (unwritten)
Log 10 of Number of Ideas
Stevens and Burley Research and

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Technology Management May 1997.

300 Ideas Submitted
125 Small Projects
9 Significant Developments 4 Major Developments 1.7 Launches I Success

6 7 8
0 0 1 2 3 4 5
Stage of NPD process

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The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for cProcessingi oInformation rafting innovat n together
George A. Miller (1956) Harvard University First published in Psychological Review, 63, 81-97.
[1] This paper was first read as an Invited Address before the Eastern Psychological Association in Philadelphia on April 15, 1955.
The point seems to be that, as we add more variables to the display, we increase the total capacity, but we decrease the accuracy for any particular variable. In other words, we can make
relatively crude judgments of several things simultaneously.
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Competitive Advantage- Over Ages

Extent of Connectedness
How Fast Co-Create How Fast Innovate

How much Actionable Knowledge
How much of Agricultural land and Natural Resources
How much can be produced
How much and Quickly can be Informed
In the Connected Age Co-Creators will thrive
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Time
Black Swan The impact of the highly improbable

I cannot accept a pretense of science. I much prefer a sophisticated craft, focused on tricks, to a failed science looking for certainties Nassim Nicholas
Taleb

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The main Idea Killer Psychological Inertia

* Assume a large field which has somewhere underground a box of diamonds. Problem solving is like digging for treasure in a field
If a hole already exists, our inclination is to dig it deeper The deeper the hole, the more difficult it is to see whats happening in other parts of the field If someone else comes along, we encourage them to jump in the hole with us
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The overall effect is called PSYCHOLOGICAL INERTIA

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The main Innovation Killer Psychological Inertia

Main sources of Psychological Inertia: One discipline only / Not outside your specialty / Looking for Solutions where we feel comfortable
Result of life experiences / Cultural Backgrounds
This is the way weve always done it syndrome
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How do we Kill Ideas Killer Phrases should not be used during Idea Generation*
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. "Yes, but. . . " "We tried that before." "That's irrelevant." "We haven't got the manpower." "Obviously, you misread my request." "Don't rock the boat!" "The boss (or competition) will eat you alive." "Don't waste time thinking." "Great idea, but not for us." "It'll never fly." "Don't be ridiculous." "People don't want change." "It's not in the budget." "Put it in writing." "It will be more trouble than it's worth." "It isn't your responsibility." "That's not in your job description." "You can't teach an old dog new tricks." "Let's stick with what works."C "We've done all right so far." 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
"The boss will never go for it." "It's too far ahead of the times." . . . laughter. . . . . . suppressed laughter. . . . . . condescending grin. . . . . . dirty looks. . . "Don't fight city hall!" "I'm the one who gets paid to think." "What will people say?" "Get a committee to look into that." "If it ain't broke, don't fix it." "You have got to be kidding." "No!" "We've always done it this way." "It's all right in theory. . . but. . ." "Be practical!" "Do you realize the paperwork it will create?" "Because I said so." * Reference: What A Great Idea by Charles Chick "I'll get back to you." Thompson, 1992, . . . silence. . . HarperCollins Publishers
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PASSION .. Is the new Skill for the New World


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What (should) make the NEW?

Purpose

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Killer Phrases Are Not Used During Idea Generation*

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
"Yes, but. . . " "We tried that before." "That's irrelevant." "We haven't got the manpower." "Obviously, you misread my request." "Don't rock the boat!" "The boss (or competition) will eat you alive." "Don't waste time thinking." "Great idea, but not for us." "It'll never fly." "Don't be ridiculous." "People don't want change." "It's not in the budget." "Put it in writing." "It will be more trouble than it's worth." "It isn't your responsibility." "That's not in your job description." "You can't teach an old dog new tricks." "Let's stick with what works."C "We've done all right so far."
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
"The boss will never go for it." "It's too far ahead of the times." . . . laughter. . . . . . suppressed laughter. . . . . . condescending grin. . . . . . dirty looks. . . "Don't fight city hall!" "I'm the one who gets paid to think." "What will people say?" "Get a committee to look into that." "If it ain't broke, don't fix it." "You have got to be kidding." "No!" "We've always done it this way." "It's all right in theory. . . but. . ." "Be practical!" "Do you realize the paperwork it will create?" "Because I said so." * Reference: What A Great Idea by Charles Chick "I'll get back to you." Thompson, 1992, . . . silence. . . HarperCollins Publishers
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Failures/Mistakes/Errors
Burning your hand is a small price to pay for a good idea.
PLEASE LET YOUR EMPLOYEES FAIL!

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What is Value?
Customer defined Opaque Contextual Multidimensional Tradeoff Relative It is a Mindset
The perceived worth of the set of benefits received by a customer in exchange for the total cost of the offering, taking into consideration available competitive offerings and pricings Prof Mohanbir Sahney
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FUNCTIONALITY Let us design a new tooth brush
People buy FUNCTIONS/ CAPABILITIES and NOT Products

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FUNCTIONALITY Let us design a new tooth brush
Are we designing a New Tooth Brush?
We are Designing A Capability to Clean Teeth
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FUNCTIONALITY - Higher Level and Knowledge from Other fields

How others have performed this function
Clean Teeth == Cleans Solid

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Knowledge of all fields!

25 Ways available for function : Cleans Solid
25 New Directions to Think for designing the New Capability for Cleaning Teeth
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Desorption Acoustic Cavitation Acoustic Vibration Cavitation Combustion Jet Erosion Spark Erosion Electrochemical Erosion Electron Impact Desorption Laser Evaporation Ionic Action Radioactivity
Redox Reactions Hydrodynamic Cavitation Laser Gettering Ultrasonic Oscillation Friction Cryolysis Photo-Oxidation Optohydraulic Effect Explosion Thermo-destruction Dissolution Mechanical Action/Brushes Electrolysis
Cybersonic2 Oral Hygiene System Free Brush Heads

Introduced in December 2002, the Cybersonic2 adds a new deminsion to the Cybersonic line. This is the new and imprioved version of the Cybersonic oral-care system. The brush head has been redesigned so Cybersonic now offers users a choice; the round brush design of the original Cybersonic or the new "traditional" brush head design of the Cybersonic2. The flosser now features pre-strung flossing heads which are disposable.
Other features include:

Cleans at 41,000 gentle sonic strokes per minute Patented spring-action bristles Attacks heavy plaque build-up and staining Reaches awkward areas with ease Power handle light indicates system is recharging
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Patent Information
The PATENT System
Patent is a a Legal grant by a Government Terms of grant
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
In return for disclosing an invention publicly so that others can learn from it, and paying the processing fees, the Govt. of the country will grant the inventor of the invention the rights to exclude others from making, using, or selling the invention for a limited period of time
PATENTS ARE AN EXCELLENT AND MOST COMPREHENSIVE SOURCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION
First Systematic Study of Patent Literature started after second world war by Russian Genrich S. Altshuller
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TRIZ Inventive-Problem Solving by Altshuller

1946 Patent Officer in Russian Navy Discovered patterns in patents, published paper. Sent to Gulag 1954 released, analysed 2,500,000 patents Identified what makes a successful patent 1956-1985 TRIZ formulated
Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch

Same Problems and Solutions appear repeatedly in different industries (Myth: My field is Unique ) There are a series of recognizable evolution paths for all technical systems (Myth: Evolution is Completely Random) Innovative solutions used theories outside their own area/industry (Myth: Innovation happens through Deeper Knowledge) The most powerful solutions uncover and eliminate contradictions (Myth: Optimization is the Focus)
TRIZ itself does not solve problems. Problems are solved by people. TRIZ teaches how to solve problems.
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TRIZ Busted 4 Key Myths in 1985 However since TRIZ came out recently the Myths continue
How to Invent? (a) Look out for problems and solutions across domains if you search only in your field and domain you will continue to be repeating the same!
Problems and Solutions are same in different industries (Myth: My field is Unique ) Evolution paths for all technical systems can be deciphered (Myth: Evolution is Completely Random) Strong Inventions in a domain used outside ideas (Myth: Innovation happens through Deeper Knowledge) Strong Inventions uncover and eliminate conflicts (Myth: Optimization is the Focus)
(b) Orchestrate Technological Evolution - using known laws of system evolution
(c) Apply Knowledge from other fields by focusing on key functions that system needs to deliver
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(d) Identify System Conflicts and provide outside knowledge to domain experts to invent solutions Private Ltd. optimization 19, 2012 beyond Crafitti Consulting April
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5 Levels of Inventions
Level 5 (<0.3%) Level 4 (< 4%)

Pioneering Invention based on newly discovered phenomenon Pushing existing technology to a higher level Revolutionary
New System Developed Interdisciplinary solutions Replacing old technology with New
Level 3 (19%) Level 2 (45%) Level 1 (32%)

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Radical change or elimination of one principal system component One Engineering Discipline Resolution of a physical contradiction
Slight Modification of the system Knowledge from different areas within the industry Resolution of a technical contradiction
A simple improvement Knowledge within the trade No system conflicts are resolved
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NATURA NIHIL EST CALLIDIUS
Nothing is more inventive than nature

Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC), Roman rhetorician, philosopher, statesman

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If we have to understand How to Invent we need to understand

How to generate Ideas lots of ideas!
Need to understand how nature invents!

Choose relevant problems problems that demand inventive solutions May be if we know which direction will lead to stronger ideas we have to generate less ideas!
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WHAT IS AN INVENTIVE PROBLEM? TRIZ defines

No known means for solution High psychological inertia Contains one or more contradictions
A contradiction is a situation where an attempt to improve one feature of the system leads to the degradation of another feature.
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Is Touch Screen interface in iPhone an Invention? iPhone/ iPad

Let us see if it is what makes it an invention!
Let us look at the Apples Patent

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Analyzing a Patent The TRIZ Way


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1. Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch 2. Locking and Unlocking mechanism implemented 3. Problems with locking/unlocking ease of use of the device in general is a problem
What is an Inventive Problem?

In TRIZ parlance .. .It starts with a contradiction We try to improve one system parameter but some other parameter gets affected
Our Traditional Method to resolve such problems is to Optimize a Compromise!!!
TRIZ
Eliminate the contradiction or resolve the contradiction
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Problem Described in the Patent

1. Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch 2. Locking and Unlocking mechanism implemented 3. Problems with locking/unlocking ease of use of the device in general is a problem
When we tried to improve/eliminate Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch
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By Locking and Unlocking mechanism

ease of use of the device in general became a problem April 19, 2012
Can you Map the problem to the parameters?

c When we tried to improve/eliminater a f t i n g i n n o v a t i o n t o g e t h e r Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentional touch

By Locking and Unlocking mechanism ease of use of the device in general became a problem
What system parameter(s) you are trying to improve?
27 Reliability
What system parameter(s) degrade?
33 Convenience of Use

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Principle 27. Cheap short-living objects A. Replace an expensive object with a multiple of inexpensive objects, comprising certain qualitiesr a(such nasaservicehlife, for c fting in ov tion toget er instance).
Use disposable paper objects to avoid the cost of cleaning and storing durable objects. Plastic cups in motels, disposable diapers, many kinds of medical supplies.
Principle 17. Another dimension

A. To move an object in two- or three-dimensional space.
Infrared computer mouse moves in space, instead of on a surface, for presentations.
B. Use a multi-story arrangement of objects instead of a single-story arrangement.

Cassette with 6 CD's to increase music time and variety Electronic chips on both sides of a printed circuit board
C. Tilt or re-orient the object, lay it on its side.

Dump truck
D. Use 'another side' of a given area.

Stack microelectronic hybrid circuits to improve density.
How to use Theory of Evolution for Inventing the NEXT .

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STORIES OF CHANGE
Universe as an Evolutionary System a new understanding (NASA report 2009) Cosmic Evolution, the idea that the universe
and its constituent parts are constantly evolving, has become widely accepted only in the last 50 years. It was also during the last 50 yearsa century after Darwin proposed that evolution by natural selection applies to life on our own planetthat researchers from a variety of disciplines began to seriously study the possibilities of extraterrestrial life and the biological universe.
Cosmos and Culture : Cultural Evolution in a Cosmic Context / Steven J. Dick and Mark Lupisella, editors. (NASA Report 2009)
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In the light of the above Altshullers postulate in 1946 that technological systems are evolutionary and obeys certain laws is amazing! More important: he created a framework to apply 64 April 2012 NEXT! these Laws to invent19,the Crafitti Consulting Private
Technological Systems are Evolving towards IDEALITY

Altshuller was the first to realize that the direction of progress, or technical evolution, is defined by increasing the ideality level An Ideal system does not exist, but all of its functions are fulfilled at the right time and at the right place without energy, substance, or other resources, and without any ill effects.
Searching for a needle in a Haystack!
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IDEALITY The Cardinal Law (Technical Systems are striving for Perfection)
Evolution of Eye-Glasses
Contact Lens
Ideality
The bifocals
Laser surgery Progressive Lenses Every System Evolves towards

Ideality - Function delivery with no harm and no cost
TIME
TRIZ 4 Key Steps

1. Define, Describe, Explore, Imagine and Investigate the system, problem, scenario or situation from multiple perspectives using different tools 2. Find out what key functions the system is performing or need to perform. Describe an ideal way the system can get to performing the function. Find out how many ways does the world knows about performing the specific functions. 3. Generate Ideas about performing these functions using specific TRIZ methods utilizing resources to the max. 4. Develop these ideas into solution directions that can be implemented
Questions that TRIZ asks you

1. What is my Ideal Final Result How can I achieve the functionality without spending any resources or cost 2. How the problem/situation/system looks in time and space coordinates 3. Am I using all the existing resources or potential resources to the fullest 4. What is the main useful function I need to deliver. What are various ways in which I can deliver the function 5. How others have solved the same problem in the past
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TRIZ Impact
TRIZ
Number of Ideas
Insertion of new solution suggestions
Typical Brainstorm Session
Time
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TRIZ: Laws of Evolution

1. Law of Increasing Degree of Ideality -
Increasing Ratio -> Benefits/Harm (cost)
2. Law of Non-uniform evolution of subsystems -> Leads to System Conflicts 3. Law of Transition to a higher Level system 4. Law of Increasing dynamism (flexibility) -> from simple to more complex -> More adaptable to change
5. Law of Transition to micro-level

-> Increasing fragmentation
6. Law of Completeness
-> Gradual Elimination of Human Component
7. Law of Shortening of Energy Flow Path -> Reduction in Energy/Info transformation stages 8. Law of Increasing controllability -> Evolution of controlled interactions of system elements 9. Law of Harmonization of rhythms -> Synchronization of natural frequencies of elements
LINES OF EVOLUTION
Laws provide a general direction of the development for next-generation systems

Lines of evolution specify stages of a systems evolution along a general direction. They also provide the upper limit of evolution as per todays technological limits
Stage 1
Stage 2 Line 1
Stage 3
Stage 4
LAW
Line 2
Line 3
On each line there are discrete stages of evolution of systems
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LAW of Increasing Dynamism

Lines of Increasing functional flexibility of functional system components Transition to continuously variable system One State System
crafting innovation together crafting innovation together
Multi State System
Continuously Adaptable System
Transition to continuously variable system LAW of Increasing dynamism
Mapping the current state of YOUR system to the lines .

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PROPOSING a NEW LAW

Very clearly visible in the software based Era of technical systems that we are in!
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Law of Increasing Intelligence of Technical Systems
?
Transhuman Systems
BRILLIANT GENIUS SMART SYSTEMS SYSTEMS GUIDED SYSTEMS DUMB SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
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Technical Systems are evolving into higher and Higher intelligence

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Most of the commercial software systems are trying to move towards Brilliant systems today
Making systems Brilliant any/all technical system brilliant using software is the method for next 10-15 years
Brilliant

Refrigerator Television Vehicle User Interfaces to physical systems
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From 2025 Onwards we get into the age of Genius systems

By 2050-2060 Transhuman systems will start emerging (Singularity is near ~ Ray Kurzweil)

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IDEAS CLUSTERING CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT Linkage:

It can be defined as a relationship between two rideasnrepresentedoby tarrows.e There can be 5 c afti g innovati n ogeth r types of linkages. These are as follows:
Mutually Exclusive: The two ideas which are unrelated without any connection between them. One is a result of second: The arrow represents the direction of origin of idea. Combination of two ideas gives a valuable or a bigger idea. Nullification: The combination of two ideas annuls each other. Negative output: The combination of two ideas would produce a negative output.
From the list of ideas that we have obtained from various sessions start reading each one by one. As you read 1, 2, 3, ., start looking at relationships between ideas. Pick up the first idea and put write down 1 on a paper. Read the second idea is it related to first if yes write 2 next to 1 or write 2 some distance away from 1. One by one you keep doing this picking and sorting into classes. This will result in some sort of clusters such as 1, 5, 7, 8, 12 2, 3, 9, 15, 19 4, 6, 10, 11, 13, 20 14, 16, 17, 18 Each of these clusters may be termed as a concept, subtheme or theme.
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Number of Ideas needed to make a Concept

Raw Ideas/Concept
Raw Ideas/Concept
About 30% raw ideas are generic If you need to create a concept maximum 21 number of non-generic raw ideas are needed
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Our study on 15+ Invention Projects in 5 different organizations creating more than 200 new concepts using Crafittis end to end process indicates that raw ideas per concept is stochastic process it follows Poisson distribution with average 6 and standard deviation 6 Maximum 28 Raw Ideas will ensure a Concept
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1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103 109 115 121 127 133 139 145 151 157 163 169 175 181 187 193 199 205 211 217
Concept Ranking Using Analytic Hierarchy Process
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Crafitti Events: A Sprinkling

Lean for Apparel & raftin inno FashioncIndustry:gSession v a t i o n t o g e t h e r Paper at SNAC TISS: at PSG College Social Network Types Invited Speaker: and Organizational SPICON 2010 Chennai Public Workshop at Forms Ideation Workshop Chennai: Patents and Invited Speaker: 2nd at ICFAI Innovation Paper Presentation International Innovation Course at IBS: at Design First Conference on IPR Idea Crafting Ultra Large Scale System Design Public Workshop
Invited Speaker: NID Design Protection workshop @ Bangalore and Delhi
Public Workshop: Software Innovation
Technical Dec 2011 Paper at Hyderabad: Oct 2010 Public Workshop Advanced Advanced Patent presentation Patent Analysis using TRIZ Analysis @ 7th Session on IPR: Public Workshop - Lean International Talk at SPIN: Strategy and Business Inventive Systems Thinking Symposium Feb 2009 Effective Lean Implications at TRIZ Session @ on Fuels Management for WeSchool Talk: TRIZ for GIS Sobha Developers and Software Delivery at CAIR, DRDO Bangalore Lubricants, Talk at Subex: Ideas and Triggering Ideas with Delhi Talk Innovation Talk at Russian Inventive Principles Crafting at KCE Culture and TRIZ: Session at WeSchool Talk at Philips: Science Centre: Innovation and TRIZ for June 2008 Advanced Patent Innovation and Management Team of Analysis using TRIZ Patents using TRIZ First Indian Company, Talk at BMA: Lean Talk at Ranbaxy: Bangalore Thinking Talk at BarCamp: Vedic Innovation Algorithms Inventive Principles Talk at New Horizon Talk at CCSTDS: TRIZ for ICRISAT @ College of Management: TRIZ in Patent Hyderabad Talk: Role of IP in Lean Thinking Business Valuation Analysis
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Crafitti: Applying TRIZ in multiple contexts

May 2010: TRIZ in new product design Embedding TRIZ in ati n togeth shampooc r a f t i n g i n n o vlargeoautomotive e r Case Study Article published in Successfully completed company in India (7 published in TRIZTRIZ-Journal.com: with 22 solution Projects successfully Journal.com : Use The Elegant directions for new completed with 80+ of TRIZ in Solution and TRIZ Shampoo patentable ideas) Software Design TRIZ in Design of Strategy for Work in progress: Idhasoft TRIZ in Design of Integrated Lean-TRIZ Business Strategy for Dec 2011 TRIZ in creating a application for TRIZ in Patent Atidan Technologies new learning system Process Innovation Analysis for DRDO for an Education at ADC Krone TRIZ for Embedding TRIZ in company based in Jan 2009 entrepreneurs Global MNC in Chennai (technology): patent Consumer Electronics strengthening, design TRIZ in a SME to TRIZ in Idea Crafting around, valuation improve the for Thomson Reuters productivity of Sweet corn in an Paper Presentation at Design SME in Salem June 2008 First Ultra Large Scale System Design using TRIZ elements Article published in Real Innovation: Implement a Holistic Patent Strategy (using elements of TRIZ) for maximum Value TRIZ in Intellectual Property Cell Services to one of the Indias topmost fortune 500 companies
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Crafitti organized the FIRST TRIZ INDIA SUMMIT 29-30 July 2010 Bangalore

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Crafitti: Key Spheres of Influence

Enabling open innovation, Technology and business evolution research
Industry & Ecosystem
Organization
Embedding Innovation DNA , Technology and business strategy, process productivity and value generation, IPR advisory services, Patent analysis and portfolio management
Lean Thinking, Systems Thinking, Value Engineering, Design Thinking, Inventive Thinking, Decision Engineering
People
Idea generation, Problem solving, Decision making Continuous learning
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Crafitti Consulting: Background
Crafitti is an innovation research and consulting firm and facilitates innovation in business, science and technology contexts Crafitti is currently incubated at the NSR centre for Entrepreneurial Learning at IIM Bangalore
Navneet Bhushan and Karthikeyan Iyer, the founding directors of the firm, have close to 30 years of collective industry experience and have been focused on researching and facilitating innovation in diverse enterprise contexts over the past decade
Crafittis frameworks are a distillation of this experience and provide a potent platform to accelerate innovation in contexts as diverse as building innovative business strategies, conceptualizing and designing new breakthrough products and services, designing technological alternatives, intellectual property portfolio management, process innovation and embedding innovation DNA in organizations.
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NAVNEET BHUSHAN navneet.bhushan@crafitti.com Phone: +91 9902766961

Post Graduate Diploma in IPR (NLSIU, Bangalore), Diploma Patent Information (The Netherlands), M.Tech (Computer Science & Engg) IIT Madras, M.Sc (Software Science) Allahabad University, B.Sc (Hons.) Physics (Delhi University)
Founder director of CRAFITTI CONSULTING (www.crafitti.com) a research and consulting think tank - co-crafting Innovation with global enterprises.
Principal author of Strategic Decision Making- Applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process published by SpringerVerlag, UK, as part of the Decision Engineering Series. The book has been featured at Harvard Business School Working Knowledge for Business Leaders. Has authored more than 65 research papers and articles. Associate editor of the International Journal of Analytic Hierarchy Process and reviews research papers for defence science journal. Blogs at http://innovationcrafting.blogspot.com
Previously held various corporate positions Vice-President and Head (Innovation) with Hexaware Technologies), Principal Consultant with Wipro Technologies CEO of CREAX Information Technologies Pvt Ltd., Technology Specialist at Philips global Intellectual Property & Standards (IP&S) division, Senior Research Associate with Infosys Technologies Limited (http://www.infosys.com). Scientist in DRDO 1990-2000.
Thank You
Crafitti Consulting Pvt Ltd |www.crafitti.com (navneet.bhushan@crafitti.com Innovationcrafting.blogspot.com) +91 9902766961
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What Darwin told us .


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A Boy in 1895 asked a question?

If a light wave was to be stationary one could scoop out a handful of light just like ice-cream?
When in 1946 A 20 years old engineer. in Soviet Union Navy discovered (after studying large number of inventions, patterns in Technical systems) and proposed
Technological Systems also just like living systems evolve and One can identify stages of evolution of technical systems
which can be used to predict and develop next generation technical systems .
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He was sent to Jail .

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We have to give it a try with what we have


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Whether you are small or big has nothing to do with your size

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Thank You
Crafitti Consulting Pvt Ltd |www.crafitti.com (navneet.bhushan@crafitti.com Innovationcrafting.blogspot.com)
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Case Studies
How to Invent using a Patent (2011)

Analyzing a patent(2009)
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HOW TO INVENT USING A PATENT

Objectives and Process The objective of a Technological Alternative Study (TAS) is to analyze a given Patent and explore various ways in which the invention described in the patent can be transformed to next levels in its evolution. There are four main phases of this study and it is always carried out with the domain experts from client organization.
Phase I: Patent study and analysis Phase II: Phase II: Preliminary ideation Phase III: Collective brainstorm in a workshop setting (To be carried out during the workshop) Phase IV: Solution evaluation and final report submission (To be carried out during the workshop)
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Technological Alternatives Study on EP0922744


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Laws Law of Completeness Law of shortening of energy flow path
Lines System completeness Reduction in the number of energy transformation stages Decreasing time to perform the function
Law of harmonization of rhythms
Law of transition to higher level systems
Multi-systems
Increasing Convolution
Law of Transition to Micro-Level
Law of Increasing Degree of Control
Evolution of Materials Increasing flexibility of physical Field structures Transition to fluids and fields Change of Scale Increasing fragmentation Layered Increasing degree of voids-filled-withIncreasing Fragmentation voidness substance Transition to continuously Multi-state system Increasing functional flexibility variable system Transition to active adaptive Operator-controlled systems system Transition to self-adapting Rigid system systems Transition towards forward No feedback sensing Proliferation of energy forms Increasing controllability of Biological that are easier to control Energy sources
Choose the system Total stage from drop Number Any Sub-lines down menu of stages Technology Dislodging of human Emergence of 3 2 involvement engine Reduced c r a f t i n g energy v a t i o n t Few t h e r number of i n n o oge 3 2 transformation stages transformations Function distribution among one two or more simultaneously system(subsystem) 3 1 operating systems per function Transition to a peak mode of Continuous 4 1 performance Transition to preliminary Partial preliminary 2 1 action action Increasing number of Poly-system 3 3 systems Increasing diversity of Heterogeneous 4 3 components Increasing Convolution of bi Separate systems 3 1 and poly systems Increasing non-uniformity of Homogeneous 3 1 materials 6 6 4 3 3 4 3 6 6 2 3 2 2 1 1 6
Law of non-uniform evolution of subsystems Confidential Law of increasing degree of ideality
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Application of Mapping Tool (State of Products in a Field)

Available Space for creating new Product Concepts
Relevant Lines are chosen and current state of the field mapped to specific stage. On each line of evolution, one can move from current state to next state guided by Lines.
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Results
In July, 2011 a workshop was conducted by Crafitti at YYY center on Strengthening Patent Portfolios It was attended by more than 20 Scientists and Engineers of YYY As part of the workshop an exercise was conducted to find technological alternatives to a patent. In the live case study, a specific patent was chosen and Crafittis systematic process for inventing was applied. 122 raw ideas were generated in 3 hours using Inventive principles, Laws/Lines of system evolution and patent claims.
The Strategic Bubble Chart gives us a plot of all 7 concepts on NoveltyFeasibility Plane. The size of Bubble indicates the relative business potential.The Strategic Bubble Chart gives us a clear direction and road map for each concept. It was mentioned that If we carry out similar exercise for other 9 themes we should be able to create at least 40-60 concepts.
Strategic Bubble Chart


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Patent Analysis for Value and Invention

How to Analyze Patents using Social Network Analysis (SNA) and TRIZ
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CDK Inhibitors
In general, pharmacological inhibitors of CDKs display selective anti-proliferative rafting inno ation tog ther effects onccycling cells,v especiallye tumour cells. Many compounds with very high potency against CDKs in vitro are available, which (like the pyridine based inhibitors) are structural analogues of ATP. However, in many cases this biochemical potency does not translate into cellular potency, presumably due to unknown mechanistic reasons and perhaps because of high physiological ATP concentrations. Connected with this problem is the question of what are the actual cellular targets of a biochemical CDK inhibitor. Most of the CDK inhibitors like any protein kinase inhibitors are ATP analogues and bind to the ATP binding pocket of the enzyme, this lead them to bind non-specifically across the class of CDKs.
The state of art CDK inhibitor development is facing two challenges (subject matter of US 7271193) improving potency of inhibitor improving specificity of inhibitor
TRIZ Way of Analyzing a Patent for Finding out Strength and Inventive Principles
The state of art CDK inhibitor development is facing two challenges (subject matter of US 7271193) improving potency of inhibitor improving specificity of inhibitor
Key Contradictions in problem stated prior art of US 7271193

FORCE vs. ACCURACY Force is the generic definition of the binding force or affinity between an inhibitor and the enzyme (CDK). It denotes the strength of interactions between the enzyme and inhibitors. Accuracy defines the specificity challenges faced during an inhibitor design. The two conflicting parameters can be resolved by applying the inventive principle. Application of contradiction matrix results in the following inventive principles as triggers for further improvement-3, 35, 13, and 21. Other Key Contradictions that can be explored FORCE vs. HARMFUL EFFECTS AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE vs. ACCURACY STABILITY OF OBJECTS vs. OBJECT GENERATED HARMFUL EFFECTS Confidential 109
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Inventive Principles as Triggers for Ideation

Inventive Principle (3) Local quality

Change an object's structure from uniform to non-uniform, change an external environment (or external influence) from uniform to non-uniform. IDEA TO EXPLORE - Use a temperature, density, or pressure gradient instead of constant temperature, density or pressure. This can give us the clue as to how to improve the existing inhibitors by employing the density gradient lets say of charges, during designing the nucleophilic regions in the inhibitors.
Make each part of an object function in conditions most suitable for its operation. Make each part of an object fulfil a different and useful function. IDEA TO EXPLORE - Inhibitor has two parts with one, it should bind strongly to the enzyme via its ATP binding pocket, and the second part is designed so that the chemical groups are able to reach residues outside of the ATP binding sites(1). Another way of looking at it is to design bi-substrate analogue(2).
References (1) The AAPS Journal 2006; 8 (1) Article 25 ;Selectivity and Potency of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitors; Jayalakshmi Sridhar ,1 Nagaraju Akula, 1 and Nagarajan Pattabiraman. (2) Nature Structural Biology , volume 8 number 1,2001,Mechanism-based design of a protein kinase inhibitor; Keykavous Parang, et al.
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Inventive Principle (35) Parameter changes

Change the concentration or consistency. IDEA TO EXPLORE Once certain amount of inhibitor is used up for binding with cdk4, the formulation should able to release diluents to lessen the inhibitor effect on cdk2. Change the degree of flexibility. IDEA TO EXPLORE The chemical substitutions of the inhibitor based on the structural activity relationship are employed to improve potency and specificity. Inhibitor should form strong, and stable bond (may be hydrogen bonds) with cdk4; and inhibitor should form less stable bond with cdk2. The selectivity is largely due to hydrogen-bonded interactions with kinase residues.CDK4 selectivity is displayed due to the electronegative nature of its active site. Therefore, if inhibitor contains positively charged group it binds quickly with the enzyme binding site. At the same time, make the inhibitor flexible so that when cdk2 active site is exposed to inhibitor, conformational change occur weakening its binding interactions with the protein. This can be designed by repelling the inhibitor and amino acid residues at the active site of cdk2 due to same charges (say positive charges), and conformational change occur might weaken the interaction between cdk2 and inhibitor. Confidential 111 April 19, 2012

Inventive Principle (13) The other way round Invert the action(s) used to solve the problem (e.g. instead of cooling an object, heat it) IDEA TO EXPLORE instead of competitive inhibition of the kinases make the enzyme-substrate complex un-dissociate able. Make movable parts (or the external environment) fixed, and fixed parts movable. IDEA TO EXPLORE This can be employed while performing chemical substitution of the inhibitors, substituting fixed amino acid/chemical groups with flexible ones and vice a versa Inventive Principle (21) Skipping Conduct a process, or certain stages (e.g. destructible, harmful or hazardous operations) at high speed. IDEA TO EXPLORE Improving the rate of association and/or dissociation between enzyme and inhibitors.
FINDING AND RESOLVING THE PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION

The physical contradiction which need to be resolved is inhibitor present and inhibitor absent at the same time. This physical contradiction can be resolved by separation in space
Where do I want inhibitor to be present: at the site of cdk4 Where do I want inhibitor to be absent: at the site of cdk2
Inventive Principles recommended

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Segmentation Taking out Local quality Another dimension Other way round Curvature Asymmetry Nested doll Flexible shells/thin films Intermediary Copying
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Potential Ideas based on Inventive Principle Triggers

Local quality
-Inhibitor shaped exactly complementary to cdk4 active site to facilitate stable locking or stable enzymeinhibitor complex formation. -Make the inhibitor in such a way so that when it is in contact with the desired enzyme it will make the enzyme properly orient, by forming special bonds or make the inhibitor inactive when it gets exposed to undesired enzyme. -In addition to ATP-binding site of CDK4 which can be exploited for various sites of interaction, the residues outside the main ATP-binding cleft have been identified that could be targeted to increase specificity and potency for particular enzyme Make the structure of a inhibitor non-planar and is therefore not likely to intercalate with DNA, and thus reducing toxicity. Varying the chain length between the substituents, as well as changing the bond from single to double or vice a versa, degree of flexibility can be achieved in the inhibitor molecule itself. This will cause increase or decrease the interaction between cdk and enzyme.
Another dimension
Intermediary
Increase accessibility of the active site using hydrophilic solvent, which also increases hydrogen bonding.
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Potential Ideas based on Inventive Principle Triggers

Other way round

-Make the inhibitor in such a way so that when it is in contact with the desired enzyme it will make the enzyme properly orient, by forming special bonds or make the inhibitor inactive when it gets exposed to undesired enzyme. -Make the undesired enzyme (cdk2) to change its conformation, on exposure to inhibitor. This will lead to interaction of inhibitor with cdk4 only -Make cdk4 inactive by destroying its bonds which can lead to 'inactive' conformer in which the activation loop blocks the substrate binding site -Modify the structure of ATP in cancerous cells by binding to adenine, triphosphate or ribose so that essential structure to catalysis are destroyed
Curvature
Switch between linear and rotary motion to enhance desired interaction between enzyme and inhibitor
Prepare a particular stereoisomer or geometrical isomer of the inhibitor which will interact with the desired active site of the enzyme
The data obtained through X-ray Crystallography (structure of enzymeinhibitor complex), and molecular modeling or molecular dynamics simulations will enhance the chances to prepare highly selective and efficient inhibitor.
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Asymmetry
Copying
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Social Network Analysis (How Social is My Patent?)

Ego Centric Citation Index of US 7271193
Level 2 Citation Network of US Confidential 7271193
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Mapping the Patent to TRIZ Lines of System Evolution Finding Further Invention Potential
Invention Potential

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TRIZ - 5 Levels of Inventions

Level 5 (<0.3%) Level 4 (< 4%)

Pioneering Invention based on newly discovered phenomenon Pushing existing technology to a higher level Revolutionary
New System Developed Interdisciplinary solutions Replacing old technology with New
Level 3 (19%) Level 2 (45%) Level 1 (32%)

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Radical change or elimination of one principal system component One Engineering Discipline Resolution of a physical contradiction
Slight Modification of the system Knowledge from different areas within the industry Resolution of a technical contradiction
A simple improvement Knowledge within the trade No system conflicts are resolved
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US 7271193
Is between LEVEL 1 and LEVEL 2 Invention How to Make it a Stronger Invention?

TRY to Find the Technical Contradictions and unresolved Physical contradiction in the System
CRAFITTI BRINGS HOLISTIC THINKING IN THE FORM OF LEAN INVENTIVE SYSTEMS THINKING TO CO-CRAFTi nCHANGEg e..r crafting novation to the
Inventive Thinking
(inventive triggers, laws of evolution, scenario building, focus on function)
Lean Thinking
(Value maximization, experimentation, learning approach, elegance)
Systems Thinking
(holistic approach, global optima, expanded and connected system context)
In addition to Analytical and Logical Thinking we bring . . .

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LIST (Lean Inventive Systems Thinking)
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FINAL POINTS
The World is Not What it Used to Be . We Need New Type of Organizations Innovative Learning Enterprises All of us can be the Innovators of the new world New ways of looking at reality are needed We need to design organization as a Innovative Learning Enterprise Artful Making, Lean Thinking, TRIZ, Social Computing, Open Innovation, Scenario Planning needs to be integrated as a framework
Lean Inventive Systems Thinking LIST we propose to be the new framework for INNOVATION!
Confidential CRAFITTI CONSULTING

Innovation Mysteries - Opening The Pandora Box For Scribd

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How We Innovate ~~

crafting innovation together

crafting innovation together

Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

April 19, 2012

crafting innovation together

Opening the Pandoras Box

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Crafitti Consulting Private Limited 4

Is Innovation Emergence of something NEW?

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Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

April 19, 2012

. Requires painstaking hard work

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Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

April 19, 2012

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Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

April 19, 2012

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Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

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Ideas are available - cheaply!

Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

April 19, 2012

Patents can not be used for inventing the future!

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Patents are what lawyers do!

Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

April 19, 2012

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April 19, 2012

Solving Innovation Mysteries!!!!

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Like Sherlock Holmes!!!

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Successful creation of change by (new) ideas. Anyone can

Anyone can do Innovation by Thinking

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Now YOU will teach me How to THINK!!!!!!

We Are All Born Creative.

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Thomas L. Friedman, The Lexus and Olive Tree

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Complexity in a Flattening World

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Human Processing Limits (The Magic Number 7 2) Framing Limits Confidence

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Industrial "Success" Curve