Work Measurement

Aniruddha Kundu

Session Outline

Uses of Setting Work Standards Work Measurement Techniques

Uses of Setting Work Standards

Work standards help operations managers reduce the effort involved in a job by minimizing unnecessary movements and replace inefficient methods by efficient methods. Advantages of Work Standards 1.They help schedule operations by providing information about the time required to perform a complete task. 2.They help improve machine utilization by reducing idle time. 3.They provide benchmarks for evaluating workers performance based on which compensation can be decided.

Uses of Setting Work Standards

Work Standards can be set only for jobs which satisfy the following conditions 1. The work should be measurable. 2. The work should have clearly defined steps. 3. The output of the work to be studied should be large enough to justify the expense of conducting these type of study.

Work Measurement Techniques

Time Study Standard Data Pre-determined Motion Time Study Work Sampling Historical Analysis Employee Self-timing

Time Study
Prerequisites for time studies The job selected should be standardized. The worker who will be under observation should be competent and should be average performer.

Time Study
The steps involved in time study are Job identification and division. Observation. Pace rating the worker. Computing the normal time. Allowances. Computing the standard time.

Standard Data

Determine reasonable standards for the common tasks. Maintain a database of the standard time required for a work element which has information obtained through previous studies. This is used as standard data.

Pre-determined Motion Time Study (PMTS)

All tasks are composed of basic motions ( reach, move etc.). It is a technique of setting work standards that uses the recorded standard time data for each of these basic motions associated with performing a task. Three of the most widely used PMTS are 1. Methods Time Measurement (MTM) 2. Maynard Operations Sequence Technique (MOST) 3. Work Factors PMTS are useful in (i) Developing standards, (ii) Control & auditing & (iii)Benchmarking & Performance evaluation.

Work Sampling

1. 2. 3.

It is a technique of analyzing work by taking several observation,usually, at random, to see the relative frequency with which various elemental activities take place. Three of the most widely used applications are Ratio Delay: Percentage of time an worker/machine occupied or idle. Performance Measurement: Evaluate employee performance. Time Standards: Identification of the standard time for the completion of the job.

Historical Analysis

In this technique, the output of a particular worker/department, over a specific period of time, is divided by the number of work hours expended, to arrive at the normal time.

Employee Self-timing

In this method, each time a worker takes up new activity he enters the time he enters the time taken to perform the previous activity in a printed form.He also gives details of the activity such as amount of work done.