FEED RESOURCES FOR LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY

& AVAILABILITY TRENDS

Background
Increase in demand of animal origin food due to:
Population growth Urbanization Changing consumer preferences Export potential

Feed Resources for Livestock

Fodders Grains/ Oilseeds LIVESTOCK FEED ByProducts Grazing Areas Feed Additives Crop Residues

FODDERS
Summer
Leguminous
Cowpeas Guara Moth Jantar Maize Sorghum Millets Saddabahar Mott grass

Winter
Leguminous
Berseem Lucern

Non-Leguminous

Non-Leguminous
Oats Barley Turnips Sarson Rye grass Sugarcane tops

Crop residues
Wheat straw Rice straw Maize crop residue Sorghum stovers/leaves Millet straw Barley straw Guar crop residue Gram straw Linseed straw Moong straw Mash straw Masoor straw Rape seed/mustard straw

NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF STRAWS

Nutritional quality is very poor because of: Deficient in Protein and energy Low palatability and low intake. Low digestibility and feed efficiency Containing higher quantities of indigestible fibre and lignin Stay longer in the rumen, lowering the intake and impair productivity.
DM % CP % CF% TDN %

Straws

92

2 to 3

38 to 45

40 to 45

Rangelands & Pastures

About 60% of the total area of the country is rangelands. Sheep & goats obtain 60% of their feed from rangelands Grasses, shrubs and tree leaves are the potential feed reservoir for livestock in Pakistan and needs improvement. Artificial reseeding, fertilization and other inputs could provide good results.

Agro-Industrial by Cotton seed cake & meal Rape seed cake & meal Sunflower cake & meal Linseed cake & meal Soybean meal Sesame seed cake Maize oil cake Maize gluten feed Wheat bran Rice bran Maize bran Rice polishing Cane molasses Palm Kernel Cake Coconut Cake

products

Live stock sector change

Livestock sector has developed and changed rapidly in response to
Shifts in the global economy Rising incomes in many developing countries and Changing societal expectations.

Live stock sector change

The sector is increasingly expected to
Provide safe and plentiful food for
Growing urban populations

As well as
poverty reduction food security, environmental sustainability and public health

These trends and the challenges were identified a decade ago by Delgado et al. (1999), who coined the term livestock revolution

Livestock Feed Industry of Pakistan

130 Feed mills in the country. Only 10 major feed mills, producing ruminant feed in private sector. Generally home mixed concentrate are prepared by livestock farmers.

Raw materials for poultry

Raw Material Coarse grains % of Feed 48 Sources Maize, Rice tips, Sorghum & Wheat.

Cereal & ind. by products

Vegetable Proteins Animal Proteins

18
20

Rice polishing, Rice bran, Wheat bran, Maize bran & Molasses.
Soybean meal, Canola meal, Sunflower meal, Rape seed meal, Guar meal, Cotton seed meal, Sesame meal & Corn gluten meal. Fish meal, Poultry by product meal, Meat meal.

Others
MicroIngredients

5
2

Dicalcium Phosphate, Limestone, Bone meal.

Vitamins, Minerals, Amino acids, Feed additives & Coccidiostats.

SOLUTIONS
Food and Agriculture
Contract farming Developments of Hybrid Seed Promotion of mechanization Improve the agronomic practices Facilitation to agriculture farmer Introduction of new varieties

SOLUTIONS
Poultry & livestock sector
Studies on Improved Protein and Energy Utilization Search for alternative feed ingredients Low cost unconventional feed resources Use of fiber, as an energy source in poultry diets will be an important means to meet future feed requirements Improved digestibility of unconventional feeds through biotechnological approach Gut environment manipulation for better nutrient utilization Strict quality control of feed production systems