New Media: Consequence and Potency

Wisnu Martha Adiputra Susi Netizen Workshop @america Jakarta, Oktober 1, 2011

Systematics
Concept: definition of new media Consequences: positive and negative Potency: personal and social

Concept: definition of new media

Main Changes linked to rise of new media

Digitalization and convergence of all aspects of media Increased interactivity and network connectivity Mobility and delocation of sending and receiving Adaptation of publication and audience roles Appearance of diverse new forms of media gateway Fragmentation and blurring of the media institution

McQuail, 2010: 141

Newness of New Media (Interactive Media)

4C
Computing and information technology Communication networks Digitalized media and information Content Convergence
(Flew, 2005: 2)

Types of new media:

Internet Mobile phone Videogames

Social reality, media reality & Virtual reality

New Media and Its functions:

1. Interpersonal Communication Media 2. Interactive Play Media 3. Information Search Media 4. Collective Participatory Media 5. Substitution of Broadcast Media

Social reality, media reality & Virtual reality

(McQuail, 2010: 143 144)

Interpersonal Communication Media

These include the telephone (increasingly mobile) and e-mail (primarily for work, but becoming more personal). In general, content is private and perishable and the relationship established and reinforced may be more important than the information conveyed

Interactive Play Media

These are mainly compute-based and videogames, plus virtual reality devices. The main innovation lies in the interactivity and perhaps the dominance of process over use gratifications

Information Search Media

This is a wide category, but the Internet/WWW is the most significant example, viewed as a library and data source of unprecedented size, actuality and accessibility. The search engine has risen to a commanding position as a tool for users as well as a source of income for the Internet. Beside the Internet, the (mobile) telephone is also increasingly a channel for information retrieval, as are broadcast teletext and radio data services.

Collective Participatory Media

The category includes especially the uses of the Internet for sharing and exchanging information, ideas and experience and developing active (computer-mediated) personal relationships. Social networking sites belong under this heading. Uses range from the purely instrumental to affective and emotional.

Substitution of Broadcast Media

The main reference is to uses of media to receive or download content that in the past was typically broadcast or distributed by other similar methods. Watching films and television programmes, listening to radio and music, etc, are the main activities.

ICT Impact on Mass Media

Production Distribution Storage Display
(Pavlik, 1996: 2 4)

Key Characteristics Differentiating New from Old Media, from the User Perspective
Interactivity: as indicated by the ratio of response or initiative on the part of the user to the offer of the source/sender Social presence (or sociability): experienced by the user, meaning the sense of personal contact with others that can be engendered by using a medium Media richness: the extent to which can bridge different frames of reference, reduce ambiguity, provide more cues, involve more senses and be more personal

Autonomy: the degree to which a user feels in control of content and use, independent of the source Playfulness: uses for entertainment and enjoyment, as against utility and instrumentality Privacy: associated with the use of a medium and/or its typical or chosen content Personalization: the degree to which content and uses are personalized and unique
(McQuail, 2010: 144)

Dimensions of Interactivity
The direction of communication Flexibility about time and roles in the exchange Having a sense of place in the communication environment Level of control (of the communication environment0 Perceived purpose (oriented to exchange or persuasion)
(McQuail, 2010: 145)

Consequences: Positive and Negative

Perspectives
Cultural: understanding to community Social: interaction between groups Politics: interest and power Economy: profit motives and resources exchange

Potency: Extension of Media Functions

participative culture and collective intelectuality (Jenkins, 2006: 2)

Media Literacy
Analysis breaking down a message into meaningful elements Evaluation judging the value of an elements; the judgment is made by comparing the element to some standard Grouping determining which elements are alike in some way; determining which elements are different is some way

(Potter, 2005: 36)

Media Literacy
Induction inferring a pattern across a small set of elements; then generalizing the pattern to all elements in the set Deduction using general principles to explain particulars Synthesis assembling elements into a new structure Abstracting creating a brief, clear, and accurate description capturing the essence of a message in a smaller number of words than the message itself

Pyramid of Information Processing

Bits and bytes: strings of ones and zeros Data: figures, letters, and other signs Information: interpreted data Message: packaged information Knowledge: facts and effects Creativity: re-production better information Network: social contribution Wisdom: deeper experience
(van Dijk, 2006: 202)

Referensi
Flew, Terry (2005). New Media: An Introduction. Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jenkins, Henry (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press. McQuail, Denis (2010). McQuails Mass Communication Theory. Sixth Edition. London: Sage Publications. Pavlik, John V. (1996). New Media Technology: Cultural and Commercial Perspectives. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Potter, James (2005). Media Literacy. Third Edition: London: Sage Publications. van Dijk, Jan A. G. M. (2006). The Network Society: Social Aspects of New Media. Second Edition: London: Sage Publications.