Archaebacteria belong to the

Domain Archae

These organisms lack a nucleus.

PROKARYOTIC

Where are archaebacteria found?

Geysers Nuclear Reactors Volcanoes Ocean Floor Vents Intestines of Cows

Some are anaerobic, which means they can survive without OXYGEN.
O2

Archaebacteria phyla
Methanogens are characterized by their ability to harvest energy by converting H2 and CO2 into methane gas. They are obligate anaerobes, meaning they cannot live in the presence of oxygen. They are found in marshes and in the intestinal tracts of humans and some animals (cows, for example).

Archaebacteria phyla
Halophiles are organisms are named because they are salt-loving. Though salt kills most bacteria, it helps the extreme halophiles to thrive. They are found in the Dead Sea, the Great Salt Lake, and other areas with a high salt content.

Archaebacteria phyla
Thermoacidophiles are found in extremely acidic conditions and in areas with very high temperatures. They can survive in areas with temperatures as high as 230 degrees Fahrenheit and with pHs below 2 (hydrochloric acid, which is incredibly strong, has a pH of 1). These locations include volcanic vents and hydrothermal vents (cracks in the ocean floor where scalding water leaks out).

ARCHAEbacteri a have cell walls made of Pseudomurein .

Anthrax Bacillus anthracis

Diarrhea, urinary tract infections Escherichia coli

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus Aureus (Staph), is a bacteria commonly found in the nose, mouth, rectum or genital area. The bacteria are harmless until they enter the body through a cut, scrape or other break in the skin. Staphylococcus Aureus infections can invade and attack any part of your body, from your skin, eyes and nails to the inner lining of your heart.

Tetanus Clostridium tetani

Stiffness of the neck, jaw, and other muscles, often accompanied by a grotesque, grinning expression. Irritability. Uncontrollable spasms of the jaw and neck muscles. Painful, involuntary contraction of other muscles.

Lyme Disease Borrelia burgdorferi

fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans. If left untreated, infection can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system.

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

Gangrene may be caused by a variety of chronic diseases and posttraumatic, post-surgical, and spontaneous causes. There are three major types of gangrene: dry, moist, and gas (a type of moist gangrene).

Syphillis Treponema pallidum.

Chlamydia trachomatis

Symptoms of a Bacterial Infection

High fever (102+) High WBC count Thick greenish, brown mucus Severe headache

A huge number of bacteria are

__________________. Bacteria that live

in the soil also recycle ______________

and ________ , and other chemical elements while decomposing matter.

Some bacteria are helpful. They are used in making things like

Yogurt Cheese Cottage cheese Buttermilk Sour Cream Wine

Fermentation!!

Almost all relationships between cyanobacteria and their symbiotic organism are said to be

plants

bacteria

Nitrogen fixation Azolla (symbiotic with legumes) and Anabaena (symbiotic with ferns) The fern houses colonies of the cyanobacterium Anabaena in its leaves, where it fixes nitrogen. The ferns then provide an inexpensive natural fertilizer and nitrogen source for plants when they die at the end of the season. Pond Scum Lyngbya- Many species of cyanobacteria produce populations that are toxic to humans and animals. A species of Lyngbya is responsible for one of the skin irritations commonly known as "swimmer's itch." Food Spirulina African flamingos get their pink color from eating Spirulina. It has also long been valued as a food source; it is high in protein, and can be cultivated in ponds quite easily. In tropical countries, it may be a very important part of the diet. Color Cyanobacteria also form symbiotic relationships with many fungi, forming complex symbiotic "organisms" known as lichens.

Now the FACTS

 Bacteria can be identified by a technique known as gram staining. Bacteria are either classified as gram positive or gram negative. It is based on the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls
Gram-positive anthrax bacteria (purple rods).

The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria consists of many polymer layers of peptidoglycan connected by amino acid bridges. The peptidoglycan content will allow the darker stain to remain attached to the cell wall.

Gram negative bacteria appear pink.

Because the cell wall of Gram(-) bacteria is high in lipid content and low in peptidoglycan content, the primary crystal-violet escapes from the cell when the decolorizer is added.

Finding a cure for Bacterial Infections

Flagellum
Endospore

Cell Wall

Plasma membrane Plasmid

Other types of DNA found in some bacteria

Ribosomes DNA

Most are unicellular (single celled). Few live in clusters or groups.

Bacteria like to live in

environments.

Key
Cocci round Bacilli rod Spirilli spiral Strepto chains Staphylo clusters Diplo - pairs

prefix

Most bacteria get their food by

eating other things. They are

considered Heterotrophs.
Remember:

The largest group of bacterial heterotrophs are decomposers.

Bacteria have cell walls made of peptidoglycan peptidoglycan.

protein sugar

How do bacteria move?

Bacteria reproduce through mitosis. In bacteria it is called binary fission.

Binary fission is the same thing as mitosis. Binary fission is asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction

30 minutes
30 minutes Scientists love to use this in biotechnology!!

Bacteria can also swap or pass on their genetic information without dividing. This is called

Some say this is a type of sexual reproduction.

Oswald T. Avery (1877-1955), Maclyn McCarty (1911-) and Colin MacLeod (1909-1972) identify deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the "transforming principle" responsible for specific characteristics in bacteria

When bacteria are grown in a lab, it is called a

Petri dish Colony Agar

Why do you get GAS???