Micro-Emulsion

Xiaowen Feng Peking University, Department of Chemistry

Outline
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1. Introduction 2. Basic Concepts

3. Characteristic
Properties

4. Conclusion

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History
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1928

1943

1958

1970

The first commercial microemuls ion by Radawald.

Was recognized as special kind of colloidal dispersion before the work of Schulman.

Be named microemulsions in 1959.

1970, research in microemulsion reached a large scale.

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What is Micro Emulsion?

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Water Phase

Oil Phase Surfactant

Co-Surfactant

611
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Concept of Micro Emulsion

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Micro Emulsions are dispersions of oil and water made with surfactant, cosurfactant molecules. In many respects, they are small-scale versions of emulsions. However, the droplet sizes are very small, typically 100 A, about 100 times smaller than typical emulsion droplet sizes.

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a0 v / lc

W /O

a0 v / lc
a0 v / lc

O /W

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Micro Emulsion in Our Life

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The advent of micro emulsion has lead to the improvement in many fields.
phar macy

Food

Micro Emulsion
Catal yst

Oil Reco very

Daily use Chem istry

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Basic Concepts
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Micro Emulsion

Surfactant Film

Micro Emulsion Models

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Surfactant Film
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As in emulsions it bends spontaneously toward the medium where the surfactant molecule is more soluble (Bancroft rule)

This figure explains probably why continuous inversion can be obtained by changing the relative proportions of oil and water in an oil-water-surfactant-alcohol mixture. The alcohol partition coefficient between the surfactant film and oil and water bulk phases can be adjusted to vary Co continuously from positive to negative values.

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Surfactant Film
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If the surfactant layers contain shortchain alcohols that introduce disorder in the film, K can decrease to about kT and k to about 100 A: long-range order is destroyed and the system remains a micro emulsion.

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Micro Emulsion Models

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No evidence of the well-defined characteristic size

it predicts that two-phase systems with symmetrical o/w and w/o micro emulsions can coexist. Crude.

Polyhedral Model

Cubic Lattice Model

A better model is required

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Characteristic Properties
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Characteristic Interfacial tension

Behaves like Newtonian fluids

Properties

Thermodynamically stable, contrary to emulsions Large value of face area lead to the better function of transport of heat and substance

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Interfacial Properties
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A particularly important problem was the origin of the ultra low interfacial tensions between the microemulsion and the excess phases. The subject was very controversial, but it is now well established that in most cases the tension is low because the surface pressure of the surfactant monolayer at the interface between the microemulsion and the excess phase is high and almost compensates the bare oil-water interfacial tension.

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Uses of Micro Emulsion

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Microemulsions ave many commercially important uses. The fluid used in some dry cleaning processes is a water-in-oil microemulsion. Some floor polishes and cleaners, personal care products, pesticide formulations, and cutting oils are actually microemulsions. Much of the work done on these systems have been motivated by their possible use to mobilize petroleum trapped in porous sandstone for enhanced oil recovery. A fundamental reason for the uses of these systems is that a microemulsion phase sometimes has an ultralow interfacial tension with a separate oil or aqueous phase, which may release or mobilize them from solid phases even in conditions of slow flow or low pressure gradients.

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Uses of Micro Emulsion

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Extraction

Depurative

More and more applications in our life

Makeup

Nano Science

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Conclusion
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Microemulsion properties are extremely varied. The extreme diversity of their practical applications is one consequence. One of their disadvantages is the large amount of surfactant required to stabilize them because of the small dispersion size. Although microemulsion properties are beginning to be satisfactorily understood, especially the droplet structure, large research domains remain to be clarified. Whether we should consider the quantum effect in the research of Micro Emulsion ?

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Thank you!
Xiaowen Feng E-mail: magicfxw@gmail.com Tel: 13488811898

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