ISDN & B-ISDN

Presented To :
Sir. Engineer Mushtaq

Presented By :
RaeeS AbbaS Abdul HannaN

Imran Daud FUIMCS

What is ISDN?
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a high-speed data transmission technology that allows users to simultaneously transfer voice, video and data at speeds much faster than today's fastest analog modems.

ISDN is the globally recognized name for a technology that provides digital access to digital communications networks.
It was first defined in 1984.

Basic knowledge
ISDN uses the digital binary language of computers, ones and zeroes, to transmit voice, data and video over existing copper wire telephone lines. By replacing much larger and slower analog signals with faster integrated digital packets, ISDN squeezes much more potential out of your computer and phone line. A typical ISDN setup accommodates two data transmission channels with rates of up to 64 kbps each, compared to the 14.4-kbps rate of a standard modem. ISDN is digital throughout, the content being transmitted can include a variety of different media such as voice, video, and computer data.

How ISDN works?

Each ISDN line is made up of separate 64-Kbps "channels" for sending and receiving calls, plus a channel that is used primarily for signaling.
Voice and data are carried by bearer channels (B channels) occupying a bandwidth of 64 kbps. A data channel (D channel) handles signaling at 16 kbps.

The Two ISDN channels :

Bearer channels or B-channels D packet channels or D-channels cont.

Bearer channels
Also called B-channels are capable of transporting digital data at rates of up to 64 kilobits per second each. The B channels are used to transport transmissions from telephones, fax machines, computers and many other devices. A standard modem, by comparison, is 14.4 kbps.
B Channel 1101

B Channel

D packet channels
Also called D-channels, handle call setup information, such as dialing and ringing, for the B channels. The line control information is transported as data packets at rates of up to 16 kbps on the D channel, providing very quick call setup. Some businesses also use the D channel for packet data, such as credit and debit card verification and tele-metering applications.

ISDN Services
There are two basic types of ISDN service:
Basic Rate Interface (BRI) Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

Cont

Basic Rate Interface (BRI)

It consists of two 64 kb/s B channels and one 16 kb/s D channel for a total of 144 kb/s. This basic service is intended to meet the needs of most individual users. With a total communications capacity of 144 kbps, a single ISDN BRI line can transmit information almost 10 times faster than a standard 14.4 Kbps modem.

Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

Typically the channel structure is 23 B channels plus one 64 kb/s D channel for a total of 1536 kb/s. In Europe, PRI consists of 30 B channels plus one 64 kb/s D channel for a total of 1984 kb/s. ISDN PRI (Primary Rate Interface) service is well-suited to meet the needs of small and large companies. It uses 4-wire technology to provide reliable, high-speed switched connections to the public network.

ISDN Components
Component
Terminal Equipment Type 1 (TE1)

Description
Designates a device that is compatible with an ISDN network (A specialized device created for ISDN.). A TE1 connects to a network termination of either type 1 or type 2 (NT1 or NT2). Designates a device that is not compatible with an ISDN network and requires a terminal adapter (TA). Converts standard electrical signals into a form used by ISDN so that non-ISDN devices can connect to the ISDN network. Connects four-wire ISDN subscriber wiring to the conventional two-wire local loop facility. Connects four-wire ISDN subscriber wiring to the conventional two-wire local loop facility. NT2 is a more complicated device, typically found in digital Private Branch eXchanges (PBXs), that performs Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocol services.

Terminal Equipment Type 2 (TE2)

Terminal Adapter (TA)

Network Termination Type 1 (NT1)

Network Termination Type 2 (NT2)

ISDN Protocols
Protocols That Begin With This Letter Are Used For These Purposes

These protocols recommend telephone standards for ISDN. For example, the E.164 protocol describes international addressing for ISDN.

These protocols deal with concepts, terminology and general methods. The I.100 series include general ISDN concepts and the structure of other I series recommendations; the I.200 series deal with service aspects of ISDN; the I.300 series describes network aspects; the I.400 series describes how the UNI is provided.

These protocols cover how switching and signaling should operate. The term

signalling in this context means call set-up.

ISDN & OSI Model

ISDN has three layers of the OSI model : Network: Data Link: Physical:
However, different protocols exist at the Data Link and Network layers for B and D channels. The functions handled at each OSI layer are described next Cont

OSI Layers
Physical Layer: The ISDN Physical layer is concerned with the
actual sending and receiving of bits over variety of interfaces. For example, the I.430 standard is responsible for providing communication.

Data Layer : ISDN D channels use the Link Access Procedure for
D Channels to frame signaling and control data at Layer 2. On the B channel, data can be framed in a variety of ways, including via PPP and HDLC.

Network Layer : ISDN D channels handle call setup,

termination, and maintenance at the OSI Network layer using the Q.931 protocol, which implements common signaling standards. On B channels, ISDN uses common Network layer protocols

Advantages
Like cable modems and ADSL, ISDN service is "Instant On", allowing you to "click-on" immediately when you want access to the Internet. Connection times are nearly instantaneous.
Making the digital link with ISDN doesn't require complicated rewiring. ISDN uses the existing copper wires.

 ISDN provides instant access to :

Video conferencing and desktop conferencing; Worldwide Web access from several systems on a local area network; Transfer of large graphics files. Based on speed alone, ISDN faster than analog. Its top data rate is four time faster than a V.34 modem, the latest modem technology that can increase speeds up to 28.8 Kbit/s over regular phone lines

ISDN Features
ISDN is more Reliable : Digital lines such as ISDN are virtually errorfree, since they improve a signal along the length of its transmission and maintain full speed, all the way. ISDN is cost Effective : The price of ISDN is the same as an analog line. However, it provides much better speed and reliability. Desktop Video Systems : Desktop video is one of the most rapidly growing areas of ISDN. Among those are telecommuting, small executive meetings, sales and services follow-up, and a host of other activity. ISDN Video Conference: Distance Learning: Corporate Training:

ISDN Cost
Must install an ISDN line
Will cost more than telephone line

Actually, could use your existing phone line

But then would need one B channel for telephony

ISDN Cost
Line is expensive
$60-$80/mo plus installation fee ISP charge is separate; may charge more for ISDN access

Dial Up: Not always connected

Do not have to pay for full-time use

Need ISDN modem (expensive)

B-ISDN
A service requiring transmission channels capable of supporting rates greater than the primary rate. Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (BISDN or Broadband ISDN) is designed to handle high-bandwidth applications.

Categories Of B-ISDN
Conversational Services Messaging Services Retrieval Services No user control Presentation User control Presentation

Conversational Services
Conversational services such as telephone-like services, which was also supported by N-ISDN. Also the additional bandwidth offered will allow such services as video telephony, video conferencing and high volume, high speed data transfer.

Messaging Services
Messaging services, which is mainly a store-and-forward type of service. Applications could include voice and video mail, as well as multi-media mail and traditional electronic mail.

Retrieval Services
Retrieval services which provides access to (public) information stores, and information is sent to the user on demand only.

INTRECTIVE SERVICES
Two-way exchange of information (other than control signaling information) between two subscribers or between a subscriber and a service provider. Those services which are described above are called Interactive services.

No User Control Presentation

No user control of presentation. This would be for instance, a TV broadcast, where the user can choose simply either to view or not.

User Control Presentation

User controlled presentation. This would apply to broadcast information that the user can partially control.

Its example is Cable Text.

Distribution Services
Primarily one way transfer of information, from service provider to B-ISDN subscriber.
Those services which are described above are called Distribution Services.

B-ISDN PROTOCOLS
ATM used for transfer of information across the usernetwork interface. This implies that B-ISDN is a packet-based network ( at the interface and internalswitching) B-ISDN also supports circuit mode applications over a packet based transport mechanism.

B-ISDN
The B-ISDN reference protocol model consists of three planes:
Management Plane User Plane Control Plane

B-ISDN

Management Plane Two types of functions exist in this plane Layer management: All the management functions related to the resources and parameters residing in its protocol entities such as signaling are performed by layer management. Plane management: All the management functions that relate to the whole system are locate the plane management.

B-ISDN
USER PLANE The function of the user plane is to transfer the user information from point A to point B in the network. 4All associated mechanisms, such as flow control congestion control, or recovery from errors are included.

B-ISDN CONTROL OR SIGNALING PLANE

This plane is responsible for call control and connection control functions related to setting up and tearing down a connection.

Thanku
Any Questions???