Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Powerful and explicit in international humanitarian law In non-conflict context, human right to access to health care Norms reinforce and respect ethical obligation to provide impartial care But
Norms
Anti-terror law criminalizes medical care for terrorists
Serbia prosecuti0ns
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Only episodic reporting by human rights groups Reports on attacks on health included in reports of Special Representative of Secretary General on Protection of Children in Armed Conflict, but not a priority Limited sharing of internal security information among humanitarian organization.
study US Department of State now collecting data for annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices on attacks on health and humanitarian access Executive Board of WHO adopts resolution to provide leadership at global level on systematic collection and dissemination of data on attacks on health in complex humanitarian emergencies Will be taken up by World Health Assembly
what works
Information that exists not widely shared Little study of impacts on health services Sense of inevitability and powerlessness Lack of constituent engagement
ICRC training of military and insurgent groups, negotiation activities to promote access Health Care in Danger Campaign pragmatic strategies to address potential points of attack
Military workshops
Increasing sophistication on NGO security matters Increased discussion at international level Attempts at coordination
Occasional diplomatic condemnation, but no teeth Little sustained advocacy Prosecutions for violations rare Most attention on humanitarian providers, not indigenous health workers and facilities
UN Security Council includes attacks on hospitals and health personnel in mechanism for protection of children in armed conflict (2011) Perpetrators listed in report Action plan for promoting adherence required Increased documentation increases potential for diplomatic leverage
www.safeguardinghealth.org
Medical and nursing associations Human rights, development and humanitarian NGOs
A global approach
1. Reinforcement of norms Integrate human rights and humanitarian law values Reflection in national law Rejection of anti-terror exceptions to adherence; resolution of Human Rights Council? 2. Prevention Robust program of discussion and research on causes and what works, with donor and foundation support Dissemination of findings Pressure for adherence via Human Rights Council/Security Council
A global approach
3. Documentation
agencies -- OCHA, UNICEF, Special Representative on Children, High Commissioner for Human Rights Collaboration with humanitarian NGOs on data
A global approach
4. Accountability UN system: Security Council should
Action by Human Rights Council/ OHCHR Prosecutions, domestically and internationally Bi-lateral and regional mechanisms of accountability
Diplomatic pressures Sanctions and related measures