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Anogen
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While the public health philosophy of the 20th Century emphasizing prevention is ideal for addressing natural disease outbreaks, it is not sufficient to confront 21st Century bio-threats by the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, fungi or toxins from living organisms.
Bio-target Target Microbial Target Cell Target Gene Target Protein Target Molecule Target Cytokine Storm
External microbes is our worst enemy during an outbreak of influenza or bronchitis, however, our own immune system is potentially more lethal. Our body detects foreign microorganisms indicating an infection, it might respond by over-protecting the site of infection.
Cytokine Storm
Cytokine storm occurs when the bodys immune system overreacts to an intruder, such as a virus, by producing high levels of cytokines. Cytokine storm can occur in a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases including graft versus host disease (GVHD), adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, avian influenza, H1N1 flu, smallpox, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
H1N1 viruses have pandemic potential and that historical evidence supports the possibility that healthy young adults may be especially susceptible to more severe infection and poor outcomes due to the ability of a strong immune system to initiate a cytokine storm.
H1N1 in 1918
The relative youth of swine flu casualties bears a disquieting similarity to deaths from the infamous 1918 influenza A H1N1 pandemic. Nearly half of those approximately 50 million casualties were young adults 20 to 40 years old.
H1N1 and other harmful infectious diseases lethal mechanism may be the cytokine storm!
Tackling the harmful Cytokine Storm has been a new strategy of Biodefense.
Studies on bio-target and building an Antibody Based Defense Strategy to build improved and comprehensive biodefense.
External Immediate Immunity to Microbial agents Passive Antibody Administration Internal Neutralizing Inflammatory factors Anti-Chemokine Therapy
Passive Antibody Administration Immediate Immunity Against High-Priority Agents and Diseases:
Anthrax, including multi-drug resistant anthrax Burkholderia bacteria Clostridium botulinum toxins Plague Smallpox Typhus Tularemia Various viral hemorrhagic fevers Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Harmful Flu
HFMD
A-H1N1
The only available countermeasure that can provide immediate immunity against a biological agent is passive antibody, while vaccines require time to induce protective immunity and depend on the hosts ability to mount an immune response.
Chemokines
The Prime Culprit of Cytokine Storm
Chemokines are inflammatory proteins acting via G-protein coupled Chemokine receptors that trigger different signaling pathways. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP -1) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) are two major respective members of the CC and C-C Chemokine subfamily. The roles of MCP-1 and IL-8 are emerging in regulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissue during inflammation.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis Immune complex glomerulonephritis
MCP-1, IP-10
MCP-1 (pg/ml)
IL-8 (pg/ml)
Anogen-Yes Biotech has developed humanized chimeric antibodies to neutralize MCP-1 and IL-8.
The ef fect of ant ibodies on MCP-1 and I L-8 m ediat ed cell chem ot axis
A. Monocyte chemotaxis
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 Control medium Anti-MCP-1 10 g/ml
* * *
10
50
100
500
B. CXCR2B/293 cells
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.1 0.5 1 5 10 100 Human IL-8 (ng/ml) * * * Control medium Anti-IL8 10 g/ml
*: significantly reduced cell migration induced my chemokines-treated with antibodies (37oC, 60 min)
10
hr
A B C
Group B
19.044.57*#
Group C
3.960.77
758.38301.92*
131.5440.56*#
14.916.21
Histopathology Comparison
2a
2b
2c
Staining with hematoxylin and eosin, lung tissues were observed 1020. 2a: the animal received two-hit, 2b: the animals were pretreated with anti-IL-8 antibody, 2c: the control animal.
Thank you
http://www.yesbiotech.com email: info@yesbiotech.com 2355 Derry Road East, Unit 23 Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5S 1V6