Niky Kalita Dhananjali Boro Deepjyoti Kalita Safique Alam

Presented By: (DC2011BTE0025) (DC2011BTE0092) (DC2011BTE0105) (DC2011BTE0112)

What is cement concrete?

The cement concrete is the major building material in modern construction. It is the mixture of cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water.

Why it is important?

Cement concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but much lower tensile strength. It can be readily moulded into durable structural items of various sizes and shapes.

Now we are going to discuss:

The proportioning of concrete and its relation with compressive strength. Water cement ratio and its effect on properties of cement concrete.

Proportioning

The process of selection of relative proportions of cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water, so as to obtain a concrete of desired quality is known as the proportioning of concrete.

Relation with compressive strength

As we know that the main property of cement concrete is it has a high compressive strength. And it depends upon the proportioning of the mixture.

Relation with compressive strength

While discussing the proportioning, we come across several grades e.g. M10,M15,M20,M25 etc. Each grade has its own ratio of cement, sand and coarse aggregate. The compressive strength depends upon those ratios.

Relation with compressive strength

For example: The grade M25 has the ratio of 1:1:2 Here M denotes the mix and the number indicates the specified compressive strength of that mix at 28 days expressed in N/mm2 . In this ratio of proportioning the mixture has 25 N/mm2 compressive strength.

Relation with compressive strength

Proportioning should be done in such a way that concrete should have some qualities like When concrete is fresh, it should have enough workability so that it can be placed in the form work economically. The concrete must process maximum density or in other words, it should be the strongest and most water tight.

Water-cement ratio

The water-cement ratio is one of the major factors but not the only one influencing the strength of concrete. It is responsible mainly for the porosity of the hardened cement paste.

Water-cement ratio
In concrete, water performs the following two functions: The water enters into chemical action with cement and this action causes the setting and hardening of concrete. The water lubricates the aggregates and it facilitates the passage of cement through voids of aggregates. This means that water makes cement workable.

Water-cement ratio
Compressive strength for various water-cement ratios:

Net Water-Cement ratio by weight

0.35

Probable cube crushing strength in N/mm2

7 days
40

28 days
52.5

0.40
0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75

35
30 25 22 18 15.5 13.5 11.2

47
42 37 33 28 24.5 22 20

0.80

10.5

17.5

Water-cement ratio

Water-cement ratio vs. Compressive strength graph

Effect on properties of concrete

Water-cement ratio has various effects on the properties of concrete: The minimum quantity of water should be used to have reasonable degree of workability. The excess water occupies space in concrete and on evaporation, the voids are created in concrete. Thus the excess water affects considerably the strength and durability of concrete. The water cement ratio for structures which are exposed to weather should be carefully decided.

Effect on properties of concrete

With too much water, there will be lower tensile strength, and a tendency towards high shrinkage and subsequent cracking. Bleeding of excess water brings too many fines to the surface of floors. Excess of water can make building collapse. The property hardening of concrete is fully dependable on water-cement ratio.

Conclusion

This topic is the most important topic in Building Materials and also it is very huge portion. We tried our best to discuss some of its basic things without going to the microstructure. We hope that we succeeded in discussing this topic.

THANK YOU