Effects of Channel on

Multi-user CFO Estimation for

Interleaved OFDMA Uplink

Duan Radovi
University of Novi Sad
Serbia and Montenegro


2
nd
COST289 Workshop 6-8 July 2005, Antalya, Turkey
2
Outline
Introduction
Multi-user OFDMA Uplink
Uplink Channel Effects
CFO Estimation for Interleaved Scheme
Simulation Results
Conclusions and Discussion
3
Introduction
Future Mobile Radio Systems
Multi carrier systems: OFDM(A), MC-CDMA
Drawback of OFDM(A) system is its sensitivity to
synchronization errors
Carrier frequency offset (CFO) in OFDM(A)
Due to oscillator mismatch & user mobility
Time delay or time offset
Due to propagation and asynchronous start
4
Multi-user OFDMA Uplink
) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
1 0
m n l m u l h e m r
K
k
k k
L
l
k
m j
k
k
+
)
`

=

= =

e
IFFT

CP
P/S
Channel
(k)

s
k,1
(n)
s
k,2
(n)
.
.
.
s
k,N
(n)
x
k
(n)
u
k
(n) u
k
(m)
e
j
k
m

Nx1
L
k

S/P

CP
FFT
Other
users
n(m)
r(m)
r(n)
y(n)
Nx1
User #k
CP
CP
CP
User #1, path 1 (nth symbol)
User #1, path 2 (nth symbol)
User #1, path L
1
+1 (nth symbol)
.
.
.
.
.
.
CP
CP
CP
User #K, path 1 (nth symbol)
User #K, path 2 (nth symbol)
User #K, path L
K
+1 (nth symbol)
.
.
.
y
5
Subcarrier Allocation Schemes

Interleaved
Max. frequency diversity
High ICI (MAI)
Block
No frequency diversity
Low ICI (MAI)
Random (block-random)
Compromise
Low ICI (MAI)
frequency
frequency
frequency
6
Uplink Channel Effects
Different channel types (NLOS, LOS)
Power difference (near-far effect)
Doppler shift - estimation using only one
OFDMA symbol
Multiple access interference (MAI) when even
one user is not synchronized


7
Channel Model
Non Line Of Sight
NLOS
HiperLAN/2 B channel
Rms delay spread 100 ns


Line Of Sight LOS,
10 dB Rice factor
HiperLAN/2 D channel
Rms delay spread 140 ns
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time, sampling interval
T
a
p

p
o
w
e
r
,

l
i
n
e
a
r

s
c
a
l
e
Power delay profile of HIPERLAN/2 B channel
Resampled
Original
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time, sampling interval
T
a
p

p
o
w
e
r
,

l
i
n
e
a
r

s
c
a
l
e
Power delay profile of HIPERLAN/2 D channel
Resampled
Original
8
Structure of Interleaved Signal
8/16
Nch P P P P P ...
CP | N
Signal of one user is sum of interleaved subcarrires
and has periodicity every P samples.
Part of CP with inter symbol interference (Nch) is
discarded.
Effective CFO.
), ( ) (
) (
2
n r e P n r
k j k
k
tvu
v = +
9
Effective CFO Estimation Based
on MUSIC Algorithm
Carrier frequency offset of all K active users are estimated
using signal samples of one OFDMA block as following:
1) Formulate received signal matrix Y (Q+1 x P).
2) Calculate noise subspace U
n
from covariance matrix
=YY
H
/P (MUSIC) or
3) Modified MUSIC
4) Find the largest K peaks of MUSIC cost function that
correspond to effective CFO {
(k)
}
k=1
K

5) Calculate normalized CFO as f
(k)
=(Q
(k)
-q)f.
Base station receiver knows the number of active users and
which channel is assigned to each of them.
[7] Z. Cao, U Tureli, and Y.-D. Yao, Deterministic Multiuser Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for Interleaved
OFDMA Uplink, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 52, pp. 1585-1594, Sept. 2004.
Nch
P
P
P
P
P
...
1
2
3
4
...
Q+1
P J Y Y J YY )/ + ( = u
H H
10
Simulation Setup
Bandwidth 20 MHz at 5 GHz
Number of subcarriers N = 2048 (9.76 kHz)
QPSK constellation
Maximal number of users K = Q = 16
(P = N/Q = 128)
Sampling period 50 ns
OFDMA symbol duration, ~110 s
(CP + N = Nch+128+2048 = Nch+2176 )


11
Simulation Results, channel type
Max. absolute CFO=0.2
-6 0 6 12 18 24 30
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
Normalized CFO. N=2048 Q=16 P=128, HLAN B
E
s
t
i
m
a
t
i
o
n

E
r
r
o
r
SNR [dB]
RMSE MUSIC
MAX MUSIC
RMSE MMUSIC
MAX MMUSIC
MAX
RMSE
2
2
) ( ) (
/ } ) ( { o n r E SNR
k k
=
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
SNR [dB]
R
M
S
E

o
f

N
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
d

C
F
O
AWGN
HLAN/2 B
HLAN/2 D
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
SNR [dB]
R
M
S
E

o
f

N
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
d

C
F
O
AWGN
HLAN/2 B
HLAN/2 D
12
Simulation Results, near-far
Max. absolute CFO=0.2
Power of odd users +20dB (strong) compared to even ones (weak)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
10
-5
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
SNR [dB]
R
M
S
E

o
f

N
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
d

C
F
O
AWGN
HLAN/2 B
HLAN/2 D
WEAK
STRONG
13
Cost Function
Effective CFO cost function shape and real values for the case
of MUSIC underestimation. Maximal absolute normalized CFO
is 0.4. SNR = 0 dB. Channel type is AWGN.
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Normalized frequency
C
o
s
t

f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n

[
d
B
]
Deterministic CFO estimation for interleaved scheme
MUSIC
Modified MUSIC
Real values
,
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) (
2
u u
u u
u
a U U a
a a
P
H
n n
H
H
CF
=
14
Underestimation or Mismatch
Underestimation occurrence for MUSIC and MMUSIC on
the same observation matrix. Maximal absolute value of
normalized CFO is 0.4, SNR = 0 dB, 500 Monte Carlo tests
AWGN HLAN/2 B HLAN/2 D
MUSIC 57 55 49
MMUSIC 5 9 2
15
Conclusions
The proposed algorithm can be applied in multi-
user OFDM system with interleaved subcarrier
assignment scheme.
One CFO estimation per user, not subcarrier!
Algorithm is near-far robust (based on MUSIC).
Estimation error depends on SNR (per user) only.
Use Modified MUSIC instead of MUSIC!
The algorithm does not require pilot signals or
virtual subcarriers, but may require CP extension.
16
Discussion
RMSE of 1% achieved for SNR = 6 dB (CFO=0.2)!
Max. error of 1% achieved for SNR = 18 dB !
Underestimation and mismatch ?
Interference sensitivity (co-channel)?
17

YOUR QUESTIONS !


DEKUJI MERCI DANKE
EFHARIST KSZNM GRAZIE TAKK
OBRIGADO MULTUMESC
DAKUJEM GRACIAS TACK
TESEKKULER HANK YOU .


18
Structure of Interleaved Signal
8/16
Nch P P P P P ...
CP | N
Signal of one user is sum of interleaved subcarrires
and has periodicity every P samples.
Part of CP with inter symbol interference (Nch) is
discarded.
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
A
b
s
o
l
u
t
e

v
a
l
u
e
Time domain sequence of interleaved signal of one user, N=128, Q=8, P=16
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144
-5
0
5
Sample
P
h
a
s
e
), ( ) (
) (
2
n r e P n r
k j k
k
tvu
v = +