DRUG ABUSE IN MALAYSIA

IZWAR INDRA | SHIHAM MOHAMUD FOUZI

DEFINITION
Taking a psychoactive or performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or nonmedical effect. May lead to criminal penalty

IN MALAYSIA?
SERIOUS + MAIN NATIONAL PROBLEM after the ceasefire of communism in Malaysia !!! WHY ??? REGISTRED addicts were 200k!!! Amount of expenditure for rehabilitating purposes Cost of treatment, medical and loss of workforce Effects and loss in terms of economy, social and crime

STATISTICS BY COUNTRY
# 1 Germany: # 2 United Kingdom: # 3 Canada: # 4 South Africa: # 5 Switzerland: # 6 Belgium: # 7 Sweden: # 8 Italy: # 9 Poland: # 10 Japan: # 11 New Zealand: # 12 Mexico: # 13 Austria: # 14 Morocco: # 15 Argentina: # 16 Finland: # 17 Netherlands: # 18 Croatia: # 19 Slovenia: # 20 Belarus: # 21 Hungary: # 22 Peru: # 23 Bolivia: 250,969 per 100,000 people 183,419 per 100,000 people 92,590 per 100,000 people 53,810 per 100,000 people 49,201 per 100,000 people 40,856 per 100,000 people 38,005 per 100,000 people 37,965 per 100,000 people 36,178 per 100,000 people 26,477 per 100,000 people 23,747 per 100,000 people 23,588 per 100,000 people 22,422 per 100,000 people 17,064 per 100,000 people 15,508 per 100,000 people 13,857 per 100,000 people 12,683 per 100,000 people 10,819 per 100,000 people 5,583 per 100,000 people 5,303 per 100,000 people 4,786 per 100,000 people 4,359 per 100,000 people 3,938 per 100,000 people # 31 # 32 # 33 # 34 # 35 # 36 # 37 # 38 # 39 # 40 # 41 # 42 # 43 # 44 # 45 # 46 # 47 # 48 # 49 # 50 # 51 # 53 # 54 # 55 # 56 # 57 # 58 # 59 # 60 Romania: Slovakia: Costa Rica: Denmark: Iceland: Norway: Lithuania: Uruguay: Tunisia: Latvia: United States: Cyprus: Thailand: Malta: Chile: Maldives: Albania: Oman: Nepal: Ireland: France: Singapore: Hong Kong: Greece: Spain: Korea, South: Turkey: China: Indonesia: 1,291 per 100,000 people 1,119 per 100,000 people 1,099 per 100,000 people 1,053 per 100,000 people 994 per 100,000 people 987.1 per 100,000 people 937 per 100,000 people 857 per 100,000 people 815 per 100,000 people 629 per 100,000 people 560.1 per 100,000 people 436 per 100,000 people 428.9 per 100,000 people 341 per 100,000 people 324 per 100,000 people 293 per 100,000 people 250 per 100,000 people 247 per 100,000 people 201 per 100,000 people 190.2 per 100,000 people 176.1 per 100,000 people

# 52 Malaysia:

48.6 per 100,000 people

46.8 per 100,000 people 34 per 100,000 people 33.3 per 100,000 people 27.9 per 100,000 people 9.9 per 100,000 people 4.6 per 100,000 people 3.9 per 100,000 people 3.4 per 100,000 people

# 24 Czech Republic:
# 25 # 26 # 27 # 28 # 29 # 30 Portugal: Burma: Moldova: Azerbaijan: Panama: Luxembourg:

3,860 per 100,000 people

3,758 per 100,000 people 2,867 per 100,000 people 2,481 per 100,000 people 2,190 per 100,000 people 1,484 per 100,000 people 1,321 per 100,000 people

NO. OF NEW HIV INFECTIONS, AIDS CASES AND AIDS DEATHS BY GENDER PER YEAR REPORTED IN MALAYSIA (1986 DECEMBER 2004)
YEAR 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 TOTAL HIV INFECTION Male Female TOTAL 3 0 3 2 0 2 7 2 9 197 3 200 769 9 778 1741 53 1794 2443 69 2512 2441 66 2507 3289 104 3393 4037 161 4198 4406 191 4597 3727 197 3924 4327 297 4624 4312 380 4692 4626 481 5107 5472 466 5938 6349 629 6978 6083 673 6756 5,731 696 6427 59,962 4,477 64,439 AIDS CASES Male Female 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 18 0 58 2 70 3 64 7 98 7 218 15 327 20 538 30 818 57 1114 86 1071 97 1188 114 1068 125 939 137 1,002 146 8,596 846 TOTAL 1 0 2 2 18 60 73 71 105 233 347 568 875 1200 1168 1302 1193 1076 1148 9,442 AIDS DEATH Male Female TOTAL 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 1 10 0 10 10 9 19 44 2 46 50 5 55 74 6 80 150 15 165 259 12 271 449 24 473 655 34 689 824 50 874 825 57 882 900 75 975 823 64 887 633 67 700 951 114 1,065 6,661 534 7,195

STATISTICS - MALAYSIA
1988 2006: of is 300,241, total number of drug users, 1.1% of Malaysias population 2006: RM200m of government expenditure (half for 28 rehabilitation centres)
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 Number of addicts 34, 831 22, 811 14, 489 13, 762 Age 23-42(71.82%) 25-29 (71.04%) 22-29 (70.37%) 20-39 (68%)

2009

12, 352

24-27 (72%)

ETIOLOGY
Peers influence - 59.78%, 78.30% >14yr Role of parents education from home Lack of societys awareness Pressure- Depress For fun- just to try Lack of Knowledge- Danger of Drug addiction

TYPES OF DRUGS
Types Heroin & Morfin Opium Cannabis Glue Esctacy Syabu/Ice/Glass Psychotropic pills* + Amphetamine Cough mixture with codeine Percentage 60.73 0.03 23.12 0.05 1.00 10.57 2.77 0.79

*E.g. Roche, Up John, Valium

EFFECTS
Individual Anxiety, fatigue, depression Strong desire to use more Motor control interference Family Higher rate of low average birth-weight babies Disruption of family life

Withdrawal symptoms
Cause sudden death CNS problems Loss of body movement Risk of contracting AIDS, hepatitis, STDs

Mood and performance

Abortion Addicted newborns

EFFECTS
Society Burglary and prostitution problems Costly lost work time, inefficiency Accidents Violence Economy Lack of work force Wastage of expenditure

PREVENTION
National Drug Strategies
1. National Drug Enactment(1983)- Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad ::> to reduce demand and supply of drugs and to build drug free Malaysian ::> Way of implementation : a) Prevention b) Law Enforcement c) Treatment and Cure d) International Collabration

Penalty: 1 . < 60 days of imprisonment 2. >15g 25 years of imprisonment + 20 strokes 3. Death mandatory

Drugs
Cannabis

Act
6 39A (1) 39A(2) 6B 39B Having Having Having Planting Distributing Having

Accuse
Less than 20gm 20 - 50gm 50 - 200gm More than 200gm Less than100gm 100 -250gm 250 -1000gm 1000gm Less than 2gm 2 -5gm 5 -15gm More than 15gm Less than 5gm 5 -30gm 30 - 50gm More than 50gm

Penalty
RM 20,000/-or imprisonment for less than 5 years or both Imprisonment >2 years + < 10 times strokes Lifetime imprisonment + > 10 times strokes Lifetime imprisonment + > 6 times strokes DEATH PENALTY RM 20,000/-or imprisonment for less than 5 years or both Imprisonment >2 years + 3-9 times strokes Lifetime imprisonment + > 10 times strokes DEATH PENALTY RM 20,000/-or imprisonment for less than 5 years or both Imprisonment >2 years + 3-9 times strokes Lifetime imprisonment + > 10 times strokes DEATH PENALTY RM 3,000/-or imprisonment for less than 1 years or both RM 10,000/-or imprisonment for less than 4 years or both RM 20,000/-or imprisonment for less than 5 years or both Imprisonment >2 years + 3-9 times strokes Lifetime imprisonment + > 10 times strokes DEATH PENALTY

Opium

9 39A(1) 39A(2) 39B

Having Having Distributing Having Having Having Distributing Having/Selling/Keeping/Distrib uting Having/Selling/Keeping/Distrib uting Having Having Having Distributing

Heroin/ Monoacetyl Morphine

12(2) 39A(1) 39A(2) 39B

Cough mixture with codeine Pills Syabu/Ice/Glass

9(1) 30(3) 12(2) 39A(1) 39A(2) 39B

2. Educational system -Syllabus of prevention of drug by teachers, representative from Royal Malaysian Armed Forces, Malaysian Prison Department and Narcotic Dept of RMP. 3. Random Urine Test in Suspected school

4. Talks, Exhibition, contest

5. Society Program Loves your children grand forum anti drug campaign 6. Opening a rehabilitation centre.

Government agencies 1. National Anti-drug Agency 2. Ministry of Education of Malaysia 3. Royal Malaysian Police 4. Royal Malaysian Custom 5. Ministry of Youth and Sport 6. Ministry of Information 7. Ministry of Higher Education

 The government with their agencies, NGO and the society will work together to elicit drug abuse and makes Malaysia become a Drug-free country by the year 2015

Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Former Prime Minister of Malaysia

SOURCES
http://www.unicef.org/malaysia/Drug_User_Stati stics_Malaysia_-_2006.pdf http://besonline.rtm.gov.my/details.php?id=276 &pageno=6&field=ot_Title&order=ASC&title=Oth er http://www.nationmaster.com/country/mymalaysia/cri-crime http://www.usnodrugs.com/effects-of-drugabuse.htm http://www.rmp.gov.my/

DKUJEME
TERIMA KASIH THANK YOU