THE ESSENSE OF BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE THE ORGANISM CLASSIFICATION VIRUSES ARCHAEBACTERIA AND EUBACTERIA PROTISTS FUNGI

Learning Objective
After learning this chapter, you are expected to be able to :

1. Identify the scopes of biology. 2. Descript the object and biological problems on various organisaion levels of living organism(molecule,cell,tissue, organ, organ system,organism,population, ecosystem and biome.

The Scope Of Biology

Object Biological problems Organization levels of living organism

Object of biology

Viruses Prokarya : 1.Archaebacteria : 1. Metanogen 2. Halofil 3. Termoacidofil 2. Eubacteria : 1. Bacteria 2. Cyanobacteria Eukarya : 1. Protista ( Algae, Protozoa, Slime mold ) 2. Fungi 3. Plantae ( Bryophyta, Pterydophyta, Spermatophyta ) 4. Animalia ( Porifera, Coelenterata,
Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Annelida, Molusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata )

Object of biology (BSCS)

1.

2.
3.

Protist Animalia Plantae

Organization levels of living organism

Molecule Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosfer

Biological problems
1.

2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Evolution Interaktion and depends each other Genetic Maintenance of dinamic equillibrium Growth and diferensiasi Energy, mather and organization Science, technology and social

Branches of Biology

Anatomy Bacteriology Biochemistry Taxonomy Ecology Embryology Histology Cytology

Genetics Morfology Parasitology Microbiology Micology Entomology Virology Etology

B. Scientific method to find out a Biological consept --- 1.experimental method

2.observation method

Scientific Method :
1.

2.
3. 4. 5.

Problem formulation Preliminary study/ collecting information Hypothesis formulation Experiment Conclusion Scientific attitude

Type of research :
Kuantitatif

research

Kualitatif

research

Type of research variable:

1.Independent variable ( bebas/manipulasi ) adalah variabel yang bebas ditentukan dan berpengaruh terhadap hasil penelitian. 2.Dependent variable (tergayut/tergantung/terikat ) adalah variabel yang dipengaruhi oleh variabel bebas. 3. Controlled variable (terkendali) adalah variabel di luar variabel bebas yang berpengaruh terhadap variabel terikat dan harus dikendalikan dengan cara memberikan perlakuan yang sama.

Contoh Judul Penelitian :

Pengaruh Pemberian Variasi Dosis Pupuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung

Variabel Bebas :
Variabel Terikat :

Variasi dosis pupuk ( ditentukan bebas ) pertumbuhan tanaman jagung ( dipengaruhi variasi dosis pupuk ) Jenis pupuk,media tumbuh, air, cahaya, kelembaban, jenis tanaman jagung, umur tanaman jagung, cara pemeliharaan, dll ----- harus dibuat sama

Variabel Kontrol: :