SANIA WAQAR Fabric Manufacturing Dept.

EXT 214

 Understand

the attributes of primary and secondary colors Color schemes Define color hue, value, intensity Understand Color and Light theory Know and explain psychological aspects related with colors. Know different emotions and feelings associated with certain colors. Explain the uses of different colors for specific applications.

 Color

is created when light strikes a surface, causing certain wavelengths to be absorbed, while others are reflected. The reflected wavelength is interpreted by our eye as a specific color (red, blue, etc.). Visual perceptual property Color is dependent on many aspects

 Value

is the lightness or darkness of a color. You can obtain different values by adding black or white to a color.

A light color is called a tint of the original hue. For example, pink is a tint of red. To make a color darker in value, black is added. A dark color is called a shade of the original hue. Maroon is a shade of red.

 Tint

is made by adding white to a color so that it becomes lighter.

+ Hue + white

=
= Tint

Shade

is made by adding black to a color so that it becomes darker + Hue + Black = = Shade

Intensity: The brightness or dullness of a color such as RED OR RED

When

a hue is strong and bright, it is said to be high in intensity. When a color is faint, dull and gray, it is said to be low in intensity.

INTENSITY OF GREEN

Additive mixing by the placement of small color patches next to one another is referred to as partitive mixing hue and saturation same as additive brightness is less than additive mixing the purple and yellow yarns do not actually appear as you see them in the image, but rather the eye combines these to produce a brown hue

 The

color wheel shows relationships between the colors.

Primary

colors cannot be made. Secondary can be made from mixing primary. Tertiary can be made from secondary colors Black, White, Grey?

 Complementary

colors are in the greatest possible contrast to one another. When a color is looked at, the corresponding nerves are excited, and if the gaze is continued for a considerable time, the nerves become fatigued, while the other nerves are resting. When the eye is transferred to another surface the rested nerves produce sympathetically an afterimage which is complementary in color to the first color

 Retina

contains rods and cones (RGB) Three types of cones, used for different wavelengths Short-wavelength cones, S cones, or blue cones used to view blue light, Middle-wavelength cones, M cones, or green cones is most sensitive to light perceived as green Long-wavelength cones, L cones, or red cones;

 The

exhaustion of the color nerves can cause a color to appear duller or even change the appearance of a color If some one looks at red for certain time, blue appears greener; yellow appears greener; orange appears yellower, and green appears bluer. (complementary colors) Causes problem in examining dyed cloths we should switch from one color to another, i.e. from red to green to avoid color disturbance

Colors when used in combinations may be used in a different possible arrangements depending on the requirement. Monochromatic Color Scheme Analogous Color Scheme Complementary Color Scheme Split-Complementary Color Scheme Double Split-Complement Color Scheme Triadic Color Scheme

 Monochrome

color schemes uses tints and shades of same color Unified, harmonious, professional Can be dull if poorly used

 These

colors are located next to each other on the wheel, such as:
Blue, Blue-green, Green Red, Red-Orange, and Orange

Analogous

colors are sometimes called harmonious colors.

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 Complementary

colors are the colors that are directly across from each other on the color wheel

Blue & Orange Red & Green Purple & Yellow

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split-compliment color scheme includes a main color and the two colors on each side of its complementary (opposite) color on the color wheel. An example of a splitcompliment color scheme could be green, violet-red, and redorange.

double split-complement uses two pairs of complements, one space apart on the color wheel. An example is red, green, orange, and blue.

triadic color scheme uses colors at the points of an equilateral triangle (three colors spaced equally on the color wheel). These are sometimes called balanced colors. An example of a triadic color scheme could be red, blue, and yellow; green, orange, and purple, etc.

The qualities of the secondary colors are somewhat intermediate between the primary colors of which they are composed. Primary and secondary colors are too strong to be used in large quantities except for very special purposes. Chiefly employed in comparatively small spaces for the purpose of imparting brightness and freshness to fabrics; The strengths of these colors are being usually much reduced by mixing with black or white when they are used in large quantities as ground shades.

Different effects are produced on the mind by different colors, impression of brightness, warmth, and nearness being conveyed by some, and of coldness and distance by others. Red, a brilliant and, powerful cheerful color. gives the impression of warmth and appears to advance slightly towards the observer. enhances human metabolism, and raises blood pressure. high visibility, used in stop signs, and fire equipment Yellow is a very luminous and vivid color and conveys the idea of purity. It is not so warm looking as red, but appears more distinctly to advance to the eye.

Blue is a cold color and appears to recede from the eye. It symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, and truth. calmness considered beneficial to the mind and body. It slows human metabolism and produces a calming effect. Blue is used to promote products and services related to cleanliness (water purification filters, cleaning liquids), air and sky (airlines, air conditioners), water and sea ( mineral water). When used together with warm colors like yellow or red, blue can create high-impact, vibrant designs

 Orange

is a very strong color and possesses warmth and brightness, but it is not so intense as yellow. Green is a retiring and rather cold color, but appears cheerful and fresh. It symbolizes

growth, harmony, and freshness. Green has strong emotional correspondence with safety, used for traffic lights Purple combines the stability of blue and the energy of red and is associated with wisdom, dignity, independence, creativity, mystery, and magic.

 When

two or more colors blend in well, color harmony is produced.

A combination of hues which is pleasing

When

two or more colors oppose each other, or appear dissimilar, a contrast is created
An orange is a contrast of blue whereas magenta will harmonize with blue