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The Abolition Movement

Definition

The immediate and uncompromised end of slavery in America

1816- American Colonization Society


Belief that slaves (free blacks) could not assimilate to American culture Raised money to send all slaves (free blacks) back to Africa Established a colony in Liberia, West Africa

First twenty years- 4,000 blacks sent to Liberia Most blacks did not want to return to Africa

The Abolition Movement

Southern abolitionists feared for their lives and headed north


James Birney of Kentucky Sarah and Angelina Grimke of South Carolina

The last of the slave debates occurred in 1831 in Virginia


Governor wanted a gradual reduction of slavery January 1832- Virginia state legislature debated and voted 73 to 58 to keep slavery They cut themselves off from outside information for fear of abolitionist propaganda

1833- reform was not welcome in the South

The Abolition Movement

Abolitionist attacks against slavery in the North increased by the 1830s and 40s Abolitionism had great support from northern Christians
Preached love for all (including blacks) Began to preach hate (against slaveholding southerners, which blossomed into all southerners)

Abolitionist propaganda painted a terrible picture of pure evil in the South

Reality was that most southerners were not slaveholders

The Abolition Movement

Theodore Dwight Weld New

England minister who advocated temperance (anti-alcohol) and turned to the promotion of abolition of slavery by the 1830s 1839- wrote Slavery As It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses
Told

of the horrors of slavery in the South Sold 22,000 copies in the first four months and 100,000 in the first year

The Abolition Movement

William Lloyd Garrison Editor

of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator Anti-Constitution because it allowed for slavery Angered even the northerners because of his seemingly anti-patriotism
Mobbed

and almost killed several times

The Abolition Movement

Elijah Parish Lovejoy Newspaper

editor in Missouri Against alcohol, the Catholic Church, and slavery Moved to Illinois where slavery was not permitted

But Border Ruffians from Missouri came and destroyed his presses over and over 1837- One night his warehouse was set on fire and as he fled the burning building was shot to death

The Abolition Movement

Anti and proslavery forces were collecting their heroes and martyrs Slavery, as an issue, was heating up in Congress as well It was apparent that the country would be severely divided on this subject with no solution but war

The Abolition Movement

Harriet Tubman
AKA-

Moses
she led her people out of slavery

Because

Operated

the Underground Railroad during the 1850s shortly after she escaped slavery herself Escape routes and a network of safe-houses were created to aid slaves in their attempt to leave the South

The Abolition Movement

Frederick Douglass
Escaped

slavery in 1838 Subscribed to William Lloyd Garrisons newspaper and attended anti-slavery meetings where he was asked to speak Eventually became a regular on the abolition speaking circuit to garner anti-slavery support Created his own anti-slavery newspaper called the North Star

The Abolition Movement

Harriet Beecher Stowe


Author

of Uncle Toms Cabin, 1852 Told the story of a slave and his treatment Widely circulated Abraham Lincoln upon meeting Stowe stated that he was meeting the little lady who started the war

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