GSM was made to provide connectivity of all local network of different countries; contributing to todays international Roaming

Cellular System

MS

BTS

BTS
BSC

MSC

What is GSM
GSM, the Global System for Mobile Communications, is a digital cellular communication system GSM provides
Digital Transmission ISDN compatibility Worldwide roaming in other GSM networks Provides a model for 3G Cellular systems (UMTS)

Security Threats
Authentication-only valid users are allowed to use the network.
Privacy-Ensure that conversation cannot be listened to Data and Voice Integrity-Ensure that voice and data traffic cannot be read or compromised while in transmit Network and System availability- Networks must be capable of withstanding Denial of service Physical protection-The cell sites and equipment are deployed remotely in untrusted areas, must be protected by firewalls.

Departments of GSM
MS (Mobile Station) = ME (Mobile Equipment ) +SIM (Subscriber Identity Module)
BSS (Base Station Subsystem) = BTS (Base Transceiver Station) + BSC (Base Station Controller) NSS (Network Switching Subsystem) MSC (Mobile Switching Center): telephony switching function and authentication of user

Principles of cellular network

Cellular radio is a technique that was developed to increase the capacity available for mobile radio telephone service Each cell is allocated a band of frequencies and is served by the base station, consisting of transmitter, receiver and control unit. Each cell has a base transceiver.The transmission power is carefully controlled to allow communication within the cell using a given frequency while limiting the power at that frequency that escapes the cell into adjacent ones. The objective is to use the same frequency in other near by cells, thus allowing the frequency to be used for multiple simultaneous conversations.

Frequency Reuse

Frequency used A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,B3,B4,C1,C2,C3,C4

Handoff between base station

Spectrum Allocation
Frequency Division Multiple Access(FDMA)-The available spectrum is
divided into channels and each channel can be used for a single conversation. Advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) uses FDMA. Limitation: low calling capacity, limited spectrum, poor data communications, privacy concerns, and vulnerability to fraud

Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA)- TDMA is a digital transmission technology

that allows a number of users to access a single radio frequency without interference by allocating unique time slots to each user within each channel. Used by GSM(Europe), JDC(Japan), NADC(North America)

Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA) -CDMA is a "spread spectrum" technology,

which means that it spreads the information contained in a particular signal over a much greater bandwidth than the original signal. CDMA adds a unique code onto each packet before transmission. Better security without SIM card.

Diffrance between FDMA TDMA CDMA

But GSM works on FDMA &TDMA

Physical Vs. Logical Channel

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Logical Channels in GSM

Two major classes of logical channels Traffic Channels (TCHs) Control Channels (CCHs)

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Traffic Channels in GSM

Two types of TCHs Full-rate traffic channel (TCH/F) 14.4 kb/s Half-rate traffic channel (TCH/H) 9.6 Kbps

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Control Channels in GSM

Three classes of control channels Broadcast Channels (BCH) Common Control Channels (CCCH) Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH)

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