Teknik Kelautan FTK- ITS

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

FATIGUE MECHANISMS IN MARINE STRUCTURES

Prof. Ir. Eko Budi Djatmiko, MSc., PhD. Nur Syahroni, ST., MT.

Mechanisms

of Fatigue Failure Fatigue Terminology Fatigue Testing & Analysis SN Curve

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

OUTLINE

ILLUSTRATION OF FATIGUE FAILURE

LOAD (kN)
tension Stress concentrated
Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

0
compression

cycle

Fatigue occurs even though the maximum stress is lower than the yield stress

FATIGUE COMPRISES OF FOLLOWING STAGES

Crack Initiation (Ni) Stable Crack Propagation (Np) Unstable Fracture

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

Total Fatigue Life ( ):

= +
4

Fatigue crack initiation in smooth specimen involves the PSB lead to extrusions & intrusions

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

Crack initiation period is dominant in smooth specimen

Crack initiation stage in welded joints is almost negligible due to weld defects and other weld discontinuities in which the crack is favorable to initiate

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

Crack propagation stage becomes a dominant period in welded joint

Fatigue crack propagation can microscopically observed by striation macroscopically by beach mark

be and

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

Striation is produced by one cycle load Beach mark will be form when there is a variation of load

TYPICAL FATIGUE FRACTURE SURFACE

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

crack initiation

crack growth

final fracture

FINAL

FAILURE IS OCCURRED WHEN

SIF

REACH

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF MATERIAL

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

KIC Y ac

o Main parameter affect on the fatigue is stress (S) range

Stress

D = max - min o It is equal to two times of stress amplitude D = 2a o Mean stress gets

max a min m
time

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

m = (max + min) / 2 o Stress ratio (R) R = min / max

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FATIGUE TERMINOLOGY

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Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

FATIGUE TESTING

log N = log m log where: N = predicted number of cycles to failure for stress range = stress range m = negative inverse slope of S-N curve log = intercept of log N-axis by S-N curve log = log a 2 slogN where: log a = intercept of mean S-N curve with the log N axis slogN = standard deviation of log N

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Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

SN-CURVE (DNV RP C203)

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Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

SN-CURVE IN AIR

DNV RP C203

DNV RP C203

Table 2-1 S-N curves in air S-N curve N 10 7 cycles m1 B1 B2 C C1 C2 D E F F1 F3 G W1 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
log a
1

N > 10 7 cycles
log a2

Fatigue limit at 10 7 cycles *)

Thickness exponent k

m2 = 5.0 17.146 16.856 16.320 16.081 15.835 15.606 15.350 15.091 14.832 14.576 14.330 14.101 106.97 93.59 73.10 65.50 58.48 52.63 46.78 41.52 36.84 32.75 29.24 26.32 0 0 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

Structural stress concentration embedded in the detail (S-N class), ref. also equation (2.3.2)

15.117 14.885 12.592 12.449 12.301 12.164 12.010 11.855 11.699 11.546 11.398 11.261

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

1.00 1.13 1.27 1.43 1.61 1.80 2.00

W2
W3 T

3.0
3.0 3.0

11.107
10.970 12.164

13.845
13.617 15.606

23.39
21.05 52.63

0.25
0.25 0.25 for SCF 10.0 0.30 for SCF >10.0

2.25
2.50 1.00

*) see also section 2.11

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SN-CURVE IN AIR (TABLE FORM)

EFFECT OF SEAWATER WITH CP

DNV RP C203

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Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

DNV RP C203
Table 2-2 S-N curves in seawater with cathodic protection S-N curve N 10 6 cycles m1 B1 B2 C C1 C2 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 loga1 14.917 14.685 12.192 12.049 11.901 N > 10 6 cycles Fatigue limit at 10 7 cycles*) Thickness exponent k Stress concentration in the SN detail as derived by the hot spot method

log a
m2= 5.0 17.146 16.856 16.320 16.081 15.835

106.97 93.59 73.10 65.50 58.48

0 0 0.15

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

0.15 0.15

D
E F F1 F3 G W1 W2 W3 T *) see also 2.11

3.0
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

11.764
11.610 11.455 11.299 11.146 10.998 10.861 10.707 10.570 11.764

15.606
15.350 15.091 14.832 14.576 14.330 14.101 13.845 13.617 15.606

52.63
46.78 41.52 36.84 32.75 29.24 26.32 23.39 21.05 52.63

0.20
0.20 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 for SCF 10.0 0.30 for SCF >10.0

1.00
1.13 1.27 1.43 1.61 1.80 2.00 2.25 2.50 1.00

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SN CURVE IN SEAWATER WITH CP(TABLE FORM)

DNV RP C203
Table 2-3 S-N curves in seawater for free corrosion S-N curve B1 B2 C C1 C2 D E F F1 F3 G
log a

Thickness exponent k 0 0 0.15 0.15 0.15

For all cycles m = 3.0 12.436 12.262 12.115 11.972 11.824 11.687 11.533 11.378 11.222 11.068 10.921

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

0.20 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

W1
W2 W3 T

10.784
10.630 10.493 11.687

0.25
0.25 0.25 0.25 for SCF 10.0 0.30 for SCF >10.0

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SN CURVE FREE CORROSION (TABLE FORM)

THICKNESS EFFECT

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Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

THICKNESS EFFECT
log N = log K m log((t/tref)k)
where: tref = reference thickness equal 25 mm for welded connections other than tubular joints. For tubular joints the reference thickness is 32 mm. t = thickness through which a crack will most likely grow. t = tref is used for thickness less than tref k = thickness exponent on fatigue strength as given in Table 2-1, Table 2-2 and Table 2-3
Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

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Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)

MEAN STRESS EFFECT

DNV RP C203