Submitted To: Prof. K.N.

Badhani By: MandorePGP1013

PratapPGP1014

Submitted Gaurav Harsh

Himanshu

 Firms

capital which is employed in short term operations. Net WC=Current Assets-Current Liabilities Measures how much liquid assets a company has to build its business Allows to avail of unexpected opportunities Management of working capital involves managing inventories, accounts receivable and payable and cash. Positive WC benefits: 1. Firm able to continue its operations 2. Sufficient funds to satisfy short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses.

Cash

Account Receivable

Sales Order

Sales

Goods & Services

 Finance

required to meet the costs involved during the operating cycle Operating cycle: Time involved when raw materials are purchased to the time they are converted into finished goods and the same are finally sold and realized. Investment in current assets like raw materials, stores, semi-finished goods, finished goods, sundry debtors Rate of interest on working capital finance depends on quantum of loan, nature of activity, purpose of loan, risk rating, financials etc

 Minimum

level of current assets financing is known as permanent or fixed working capital. Financed via long term debt Extra working capital needed to support the changing production and sales is temporary or fluctuating working capital. Financed on short term basis.

Line of Credit

Accounts Receivable (AR) Loan

Factoring

Inventory Loan

Term Loan

Firms generally enjoy easy access to the bank finance RBI issues guidelines to the banks to strengthen the procedures and norms for working capital financing. Amount approved by the bank for the firms working capital requirement is called credit limit. Seasonal business: bank may approve separate limits for peak season and non-peak season Bank credit is available in the following forms: 1.Cash credit 2.Overdraft 3.Loans 4.Bill financing 5.Letter of credit 6.Working capital loan

 Bank

specifies a predetermined limit and borrower is allowed to withdraw funds from the bank up to that sanctioned credit limit against a bond or other security He can draw it periodically to the extent of his requirements Repayment can be made whenever desired during the period There is no commitment charge involved and interest is payable on the amount actually utilized by the borrower and not on the sanctioned limit

 Borrower

is allowed to withdraw funds in excess of the actual credit balance in his current account up to a certain specified limit during a stipulated period against a security Facility available against securities of life insurance policies, fixed deposits receipts, Government securities, shares and debentures, etc. of the corporate sector Interest is charged on the amount actually withdrawn by the borrower, subject to some minimum(commitment) charges

 Total

amount of borrowing is credited to the current account of the borrower or released to him in cash Borrower has to pay interest on the total amount of loan, irrespective of how much he draws Payable either on demand or in periodical installments Renewed from time to time Loans imply a financial discipline on the part of the borrowers

 Enables

a borrower to obtain credit from a bank against its bills Bank purchases or discounts the bills of exchange and promissionary notes of the borrower and credits the amount in his account after deducting discount Amount provided is covered by cash credit and overdraft limit Before purchasing bills, bank verifies credibility of borrower & bills

 Indirect

form of working capital financing in which banks assumes only the risk and the supplier himself provide the funds Guarantee provided by the buyers banker to the seller that in the case of default or failure of the buyer, the bank shall make the payment to the seller The bank opens letter of credit in favour of a customer to facilitate his purchase of goods The customer pays bank charges for this facility to the bank

Banks provide credit through Working Capital Demand Loan (WCDL) account or a separate nonoperable cash credit account for the unforeseen contingencies faced by borrower in excess of sanctioned credit limit presently applicable to borrowers having working capital requirement of Rs.10 crores or above minimum period of WCDL keeps on changing WCDL is granted for a fixed term on maturity of which it has to be liquidated, renewed or rolled over Borrower has to pay a higher rate of interest more than the normal rate of interest

Hypothecation

Pledge

Lien

Mortgage

Charge

For borrowers with requirements of up to Rs. 25 lakhs, credit limits will be computed after detailed discussions with borrower, without going into detailed evaluation. For borrowers with requirements above Rs. 25 lakhs, but up to Rs. 5 crores, credit limit can be offered up to 20% of the projected gross sales of the borrower.

For large borrowers not selling in the above categories, the cash budget system may be used to identify the working capital needs.

RBI had also issued lending norms for working capital, under which the banks would decide the levels of holding of inventory & receivables, minimum current ratio, submission of data etc.