Solid Wastes Management

Agenda
Introduction Old Management of solid wastes New method in Landfill New view on solid wastes management Case study

Solid wastes
Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given area.
The average solid wastes around the world 0.21 tons/capita/year.

- Quantity of solid wastes per year:

- Quantities of municipal solid wastes:

Factors affect type and quantity of SW

1) The socio-cultural practices (developed/ developing). 2) The population of the country 3) Activities in the country (agriculture/ Industry). 4) The geographic region (urban/non-urban)

Impacts of solid wastes

1) On health:

2) On Environment:
After dumping solid wastes in landfills, methane gas is produced from the decomposition of the organic fraction of solid wastes in the landfills. Methane gas has a 21-fold global warming potential as compared to carbon dioxide.

Solution

Old Methods for solid waste Management

The idea was how to get rid of the solid waste without thinking about the method and the effects resulting from this method.

The most old common methods

1. Solid Waste Burning This method creates dangerous toxic smoke that causes several diseases.

2. Throwing solid waste on Water Stream Banks

This method has several bad effects such as; 1. Difficulty in water treatment process 2. Effects on irrigation 3. Cause death of some fish and migration of other kinds.

3. Open Dumping

This method mean throwing the solid waste in any open area beside houses. this causes diseases spreading by air, and causes the spread of flying insects and other Effects

What must be done?

Increase people awareness Get rid of solid waste properly

Solid waste collection

Collection of solid wastes includes gathering of solid wastes and recyclable materials then transport these materials, after collection, to the location where the collection vehicle is emptied (like landfill disposal site).

 In Cairo, It is reported in the National Environmental Action Plan (1992) that about 68 % (on average) of solid waste is collected.

A two years study was conducted to evaluate the solid waste management system in the Egyptian rural areas.

The total number of the studied villages was 143 villages: 48 villages in delta region 34 villages in Upper Egypt 15 villages in the west of delta region 17 villages in east of delta region 29 new villages around the desert road Cairo Alexandria.

Sanitary land fill

Site Selection.

How not to waste waste?

Reduce
It save resources Decreases cost Decreases wastes

Reuse
It is to reuse the unwanted material in new things, and Egyptians are masters in this technology

Recycling
It is taking something old and making it into something new as the following materials.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Newspaper, magazines and catalogs Plastic Glass bottles and jars Aluminum cans Steel cans and tin

Composting

Waste-to-Energy Incineration

Land fill

Case Study

What is gasification and melting

Gasification and melting is a solid waste treatment system that involves the pyrolysis of waste, which generates combustible gas and incombustible materials. MSW: municipal solid waste treatment.

Why gasification and melting

The development and spread of gasification and melting systems in Japan In the early of 1990s Later part of 1990
Dioxin decomposition Japan suffering from was achieved through Dioxin emissions development of highgenerating from MSW temperature melting incineration facilities. technology. the national government, the gasification and as it promised to: melting system gained o reduce the level of dioxins in incineration by products. attention.
o achieve both landfill volume reduction and effective energy use.

Now!
There are approximately 100 gasification and melting facilities operating across Japan.

Process Flow of Gasification and Melting Facility

The fluidized-bed gasification and melting facility process flow A fluidized-bed gasification and melting system is comprised of: fluidized-bed gasifier swirl-flow melting furnace.

Fluidized-Bed Gasification and Melting System

What are the features of the fluidized-bed gasification and melting system? High energy recovery efficiency Reduced environmental impact High economic efficiency Processing capacity
Furnaces suitable for capacity under 330 t/day per furnace.

Comparison between the 3 methods

Kobelco Eco-Solutions company In 2000, Kobelco Eco-Solutions completed the world's first fluidized-bed gasification and melting system for municipal solid waste treatment. processing capacity of 525 t/day

Isn't it dangerous if combustible gas leaks?