By: K.J.

Carnes

Questions
How many people have cell phones?
How old were you when you got it? Average amount of time you spend on it? Would anyone like some Aluminum Foil?

Answers
As of June 2009, there were 276,610,580 cell phone ("List
of countries)

308,505,000 people live in the US, 89.0% ("List of countries)

In 2004, 25.7 million kids between 5 and 19 years old

(Brier)

40% of age range (Brier) 82% of kids between 15 to 19 own cell phones (Brier)

"The cell phone now competes with the wallet as the

item you'd be most freaked out about leaving the house without, Howard Handler(chief marketing officer for Virgin Mobile USA) (Brier)

How often America is on the phone

Time Period
Qtr 1, 2006 Qtr 2, 2006 Qtr 3, 2006 Qtr 4, 2006 Qtr 1, 2007 Qtr 2, 2007 Qtr 3, 2007 Qtr 4, 2007 Qtr 1, 2008 Qtr 2, 2008

Average Number of Monthly Calls*

198 216 221 213 208 228 226 213 207 204

Average Number of Monthly Text Messages* 65 79 85 108 129 172 193 218

Age Group
All Subscribers Ages 12 & Under Ages 13-17 Ages 18-24 Ages 25-34 Ages 35-44 Ages 45-54 Ages 55-64

Average Number of Monthly Calls* 204 137 231 265 239 223 193 145 99

Average Number of Monthly Text Messages* 357 428 1,742 790 331 236 128 38 14

288 357 Ages 65+

Source: The Nielsen Company (January 1, 2006 to June 30, 2008) *Note: Data includes U.S. wireless subscribers only. Taken from nieslenwire website ("In U.S., SMS)

Source: The Nielsen Company (January 1, 2006 to June 30, 2008) *Note: Data includes U.S. wireless subscribers only. Taken from nieslenwire website ("In U.S., SMS)

Basic Cell Phone Information

1,900 MHz (Ketcham)
Difference in microwaves of cell phones (Ketcham) International Limits on cell phone is 1.6 Watts per

Kilogram (Cauley)
Canada: 1.6 Watts/Kilogram (Lee) Europe: 2 Watts/Kilogram (Lee)

Watts per Kilogram-the amount of radio frequency energy absorbed by the body(Lee)

Penetrates skull 4-6 cm (Christensen) Raise the tissue 0.1C (Christensen)

Relationship Between Cell Phones and Cancer

Allen Frey (GEs Advanced Electronic Center at Cornell University) Tests (Ketcham)

Blood Brian Barrier (Ketcham)

Conclusion (Ketcham)

Theodore Litovitz (Catholic University) Tests (Fox 77)

Background Radiation (Fox 77)

Conclusion (Fox 77)

Proof of A Correlation Between Cell Phones and Brian Cancer

Henry Lai (Biophysicist at University of Washington) Tests (Ketcham)

DNA of Rats (Ketcham)

Conclusions (Ketcham)

Leif Salford (Swedish Neurosurgeon) Tests (Ketcham)

Killed rats brain cells (Ketcham)

Conclusion- A rats brain is very much the same as a humans. They

have the same blood-barrier and neurons. We have good reason to believe that what happens in the rats brain also happens in humans (qtd. in Ketcham).

No Relationship Between Cancer and Cell Phones

Case Studies Scandinavian Study (Szab0 77; Lin 213)

From 1998 to 2003 (Szab0 77; Lin 213)

Scientific Evidence No mechanism (Repacholi 26-27; Cauley 2b)

United Nations Involvement

World Health Organization
Interphone Study Started in 1998 (Repacholi 26-27) 13 countries involved (Wenner 47) 16 small case studies (Repacholi 26-27; Lin 138) 10 year time span (Repacholi 26-27) Compares 6420 had brain cancer against 7685 who did not (Repacholi 26-27) Results Release date in 2010 (Repacholi 26-27; Lin 138)

Case Study Troubles

Contradicting Results European Union Study (Ketcham)

Yes

Israel Study (Wenner 47; Lin 140)

Yes, 50%
No, despite Cell phone increase No and Yes

Scandinavian Study (Szabo 7a; Lin 213)

Interphone Study(Repacholi 26-27; Lin 213)

Solutions to Remedy Problem(Repacholi 26-27)

Precautions that Can be Taken

Send a text message (Lee)
Use a wired headset or speakerphone (Lee) Carry your phone at least 1 inch away from your body
(Lee)

Do not use phones when in poor service areas (Lee)

Children should limit phone use (Lee) No one should sleep with a phone nearby (Lee)

Full Circle
More Research is needed
Public is the ultimate

judge Question

Works Cited
Brier, Noah. "Coming of Age". American Demographics. FindArticles.com. Website. 12 Apr, 2010. Cauley, Leslie. "Cellphone radiation levels vary widely." USA Today n.d.: Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 31 Jan. 2010. Christensen, Helle, Joachim Schz, Michael Kosteljanetz, Hans Poulsen, Jens Thomsen, and Christoffer Johansen. "Cellular Telephone Use and Risk of Acoustic Neuroma -- Christensen et al. 159 (3): 277 -- American Journal of Epidemiology." Oxford Journals | Medicine | American Journal of Epidemiology. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2010. Fox, Barry. "Brain Wave" New Scientist 16 May 1998: 77 LexisNexis. Web. 31 Jan. 2010.

"In U.S., SMS Text Messaging Tops Mobile Phone Calling." nieslenwire. The Nielsen Company , 22 Sept. 2008. Web. 12 Apr. 2010.
Ketcham, Christopher. "Warning, Your Cell Phone May Be Hazardous To Your Health: Gear + Gadgets: GQ." GQ Magazine: GQ. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2010.

Works Cited
Lee, Nicole. "Cell phone radiation levels - CNET Reviews." Product reviews - Electronics reviews, computer reviews & more - CNET Reviews. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2010. Lin, James. "Malignant brain tumors from cellular mobile telephone radiation." IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE 49.1 (2007): 212-14. Web of Knowledge. Web. 22 February 2010. "The multinational study of brain tumors in cell phone users' heads [Health Effects]." Microwave Magazine, IEEE , vol.10, no.4, pp.138, 140-140, 144, June 2009. Web of Knowledge. Web. 22 February 2010. "List of countries by number of mobile phones in use - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Main Page Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2010. Repacholi, Michael. "The reality of mobile phones and cancer." New Scientist 204.2738 (2009): 26-27. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 31 Jan. 2010.

Szabo, Liz. "Four-country study finds no cancer link to cellphone usage." USA Today n.d.: Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 31 Jan. 2010.
Wenner, Melinda. "LAST CALL?." Popular Science 274.1 (2009): 46-47. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 31 Jan. 2010.

Works Cited(Pictures)
F, Jenn. " Google Image Result for Tin Foil Hat." Google Images. Web. 13 Apr. 2010.
" Google Image Result for Electromagnetic Spectrum." Google Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2010. "Reynolds Wrap Aluminum Foil." Reynolds Packaging. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2010.