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CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Based
PURE SUBSTANCES
MIXTURE
Matter
consisting of two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined
MIXTURE Properties
Substances
Properties of mixtures
Substances
Physical means
Magnetism
Evaporation
MIXTURE
Dissection
Filtering Distillation Centrifuge
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
Mixture
that doesnt appear to be the same throughout Examples: salad, concrete, granite, pizza, sand
SUSPENSION
Heterogeneous
mixture in which the particles of a substance are temporarily mixed in a liquid Examples: salad dressing, chocolate milk, muddy water
SUSPENSION
Properties
Exhibits
Scattering
Example:
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
Mixture
Examples:
COLLOIDS
Particles
that are mixed together but are not dissolved Examples: fog, smoke, jello, mayo
Properties
Any
COLLOIDS
state of matter Doesnt settle out permanently suspended
Cant
Properties
Particles
Exhibits
COLLOIDS
Homogeneous
mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another Examples: ocean water, soda, air, alloys (brass, bronze, steel)
SOLUTION
PARTS OF A SOLUTION
Solute
Substance
that is
Solvent Substance
dissolving Usually present in larger amounts Water is the universal solvent because of it shape
SOLUTION
Properties
Cant
SOLUTION
Properties
Properties
are consistent throughout the sample Any state of matter No tyndall effect
TYPES OF SOLUTION
Saturated
Solution
Solution
that contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve Any added solute will settle to the bottom and not dissolve
TYPES OF SOLUTION
Unsaturated
Solution
Solution
that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve
Added
TYPES OF SOLUTION
Supersaturated
Solution
Solution
that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve Very rare
TYPES OF SOLUTION
Supersaturated
Can
Solution
Added
SOLUBILITY
Measure
of how much of a solute can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent under certain conditions
SOLUBILITY
Solubility
SOLUBILITY Factors
increase temperature, increases solubility increase the pressure of a gas, increases the solubility of the gas
SOLUBILITY Factors
Amount
of solute already dissolved the more substances dissolved, decreases the solubility The nature of the solute and solvent
HOMOGENEOUS MATTER
Appears
to look similar throughout Ex: salt, sugar, whipped cream all parts are alike (appearance)
QUESTION
What
does the prefix homo mean? Name the four classes of matter. What are the four phases of matter?
QUESTION
Milk
HETEROGENEOUS MATTER
Matter
that has different properties Ex: soil, cereal with raisins, concrete
QUESTION
How
QUESTION
Why
VIDEO
WHAT IS A MIXTURE?
A
combination of substances Two or more substances that are not chemically combined
PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES
The
substances in a mixture keep their separate identities (properties) Ex: salt/pepper, sugar/water
SEPARATING MIXTURES
The
substances in a mixture can be separated by simple physical means Evaporation and filtration are used to separate mixtures
mixtures are the least mixed of all mixtures The different particles in mixtures are large enough to be seen
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES
Homogenous
mixtures are
QUESTION
What
SOLUTIONS (VIDEO)
A
PROPERTIES OF A SOLUTION
Particles
are not large enough to be seen Evenly spread particles Particles cannot be separated by simple physical means
ALLOYS (VIDEO)
Solutions
of metals are
QUESTIONS
Describe
matter is also known as a pure substance Properties: one kind of material with the same properties
ELEMENTS
Simplest
types pure substances Made of only one type of atom Cannot be broken down by chemical processes or heating
smallest particle of an element that has the same properties of the element is the atom
CHEMICAL SYMBOLS
A
short way of representing elements Consists of one or two letters An abbreviation for an element
QUESTION
What
COMPOUNDS (VIDEO)
Pure
substances made of more than one element is a compound Ex: carbon dioxide, ammonia, sugar
MOLECULES
Two
or more atoms that are chemically bonded Smallest part of a compound that has the same properties of that compound
SEPARATING COMPOUNDS
Compounds
are made of molecules Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by heating and electricity
QUESTIONS
How
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
Combinations
SUBSCRIPT
A
subscript is placed to the lower right of the chemical symbol It gives the number of atoms of the element
QUESTIONS
How
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
A
COEFFICIENT
The
number used to balance a chemical equation (coefficient) Balanced means the same number of reactants and products
QUESTIONS
How
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Reactants
are the substances that enter a chemical reaction Products are the substances formed by a chemical reaction
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
2H2+O2 (reactants)
2H2O The arrow means yields (makes) C + O2 CO2 (products) Reactants (yield) products
QUESTIONS
What
QUESTIONS
What
is another name for a chemical reaction? On what side of a chemical reaction would you find the reactants? Products?