Mechanical-Hydraulic Controller (MHC)

SPEED CHANGER raise/ lower M Nact hyd HH-CONV Hydraulic Speed governor Start-up/load Limiting device HYD M I N HYD M I N HYDRAULIC ACTUATION SYSTEM FOR CONTROL VALVE

raise/ lower

On/off
Start-up/load Limiting device hact

EH-CONV

EHC

EL HYD

EHTC

BHEL

Electro-Hydraulic Controller (EHC)

EHTC

BHEL

Position control loop

EHTC

BHEL

Structure of the Electro-Hydraulic Turbine Controller (EHTC)

Speed Control Loop

EH-CONV
Load Control Loop Selection circuit Admission Control loop

EL HYD

Press Control Loop

EHTC

BHEL

Speed control loop

EHTC

BHEL

Design concepts- Speed controller

Basic controller for Rotary Machine
Proportional derivative control (PD) Droop 5% - Proportional gain= 20 - derivative gain = max 2 - derivative time = 0.2 to 0.5 sec

Design consideration
Under conditions of speed controller active, for actual grid frequency say 3000 rpm ( 50Hz) and for speed set point 3150 rpm(52.5Hz) the output of the Controller should generate a lift corresponding to MCR load. Response of position controller ,EHC and servo motor- valves should be such That when Load throw OFF takes place, the max transient speed raise Shall be less than 3300 rpm. Response of speed controller upon load controller to speed controller Changeover should be similar or better. Derivative component required during rolling and load throw off conditions.

Hunting during rolling

Indicates mismatch in position controller EHC-servo motor response Step response test to analyze source of problem i.e governor/EHC/servo motor etc. EHTC

BHEL

Load control loop

EHTC

BHEL

EHTC

BHEL

Design concepts- Load controller

Modified PI controller
T1 Load error Kp T2 PT P I SUM Controller output Typical settings: Prop gain = 0.3 to 0.8 Intg.time constant T1= T2=0.7 to 2 sec

Design consideration
Unloading through load controller (Integral ) for frequency above 51.5 Hz Proportional unloading through Prmax for frequency above 51 Hz

Isolated grid detection when evacuation of power is not smooth.

Free governing requirements Logics for changeover to speed control - Generator circuit breaker opened - House load detection logic activated. - Operator intervention Load controller tracking.

EHTC

BHEL

Pressure control loop

EHTC

BHEL

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Design concepts- Pressure controller

PI controller Pressure control supports two modes:
1. Throttle pressure mode/initial pressure mode: No dead band in pressure error to controller. Used to stabilize drum levels during low load operations Typical prop gain Kp=1, Int time = 5 to 10 sec 2. Limit pressure mode: For intervening in case steam generator aux. Trips characterized by steep and large Pressure drops more than a set Limit Pressure. Typical prop gain Kp= 2 to 3, Int time = 5 to 10 sec

Pressure set point:

Fixed pressure operation. Modified sliding pressure operation. Combined cycle operation features .

EHTC

BHEL

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Integrated Boiler -Turbine control operation

Unit set point Coordinated mode operation
Facilities to handle sudden load demand ( 10 %) features. Modified sliding set point with throttling reserve.

Usage of Storage circuitry in steam generator controls Use of over load valve. Free governing circuits in unit controls.
Handling large load changes based on load despatch center.

EHTC

BHEL

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Recent Trends
Final element control Throttle/nozzle admission Variable trimming of IP valves. Load shedding function- Tripping of control valves (realized thro separate sols. for control valves.) TMR controls

EHTC

BHEL

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