Advanced Transportation Management Systems/Centers

ATMS

Advanced Transportation Management System

ATMS General Description

Advanced Traffic Management Systems are primarily aimed at improving vehicular flows on highways, arterial roads, and other streets. These systems typically use a combination of technologies that count vehicles, measure speed, and/or categorize motor vehicles to provide information to computers that control and adjust signal systems.

You know the Problem?

Traffic Congestion
Affects both, quality of life and economy. 30% growth in travel on I-state Highway in the past 10 years. Demand for travel is expected to increase by 50% over next 20 years. Americans spent more than 2 billions hours (22,800 years) in traffic jam (1995). ..the construction of more roadways and roadway lanes is no longer feasible or credible in many areas as the primary solution to traffic congestion.

Solution

Its applies innovative and advanced technologies to make transportation system safer, more efficient, and more customer service-oriented. What is new? The concept of Integrating the Transportation System with in a region.

Functional AREAS of ATMS

Information Dissemination Incident Management Special Events Management Toll Collection Freeway Management Arterial Management

ITS Infrastructure/Key Solution is Integration.

U.S. DOT has identified Eight ITS infrastructure components that can be integrated: Traffic Signal Control Systems Freeway Management Systems Transit Management System Regional Multi-modal Traveler Information System Emergency Management System Electronic Toll Collection System Incident Management Program Railroad Grade Crossing Warning System Electronic Fare Payment System And over time there will be others

Linkages Between Various Functions/ Incident Management Activities.

In general, incident management begins with the notification or detection of an incident and progresses through to incident clearance. Notification Detection and Verification Incident Response Incident Scene Management Traffic Management Incident Clearance

ITS Architecture
Transportation Layer
Field devices for traffic surveillance and motorist information dissemination Traffic signal and ramp metering controllers Transportation management centers Emergency management centers

Communication Layer Institutional Implications Traffic Signal Control system

Area-wide signal coordination Arterial network traffic conditions

Railroad Grade Crossing System

Provide advance warning of closures Coordinate traffic signal control with rail movements.

Continued..

National ITS Architecture Subsystems and Communications

Continued

Basic Freeway Management System Architecture Depiction

Physical Components
Field Equipment Communication
Traffic Management Center

Field Equipment
Inductive Loop Detectors Magnetic Detectors Infrared & Microwave Acoustic Detectors Video Imaging

Field Equipment
Inductive Loop Detector Life Span 5 years
Corridor Capital Cost is $2.0K $7.0K Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Cost is $0.4K $0.5K / year Double set (four loops) with controller, power, etc. *Cost adjusted to 2008 dollars

Field Equipment
Inductive Loop Detector Life Span 5 years Intersection
Capital Cost is $7.6K $13.5K O & M Cost is $0.8K - $1.2K / year Four leg intersection & two lanes per approach
*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollars

Field Equipment
Magnetic Detectors Two-flux Magnetometer
Cost $385 - $2K

Search coil or induction Magnetometer

Cost $900 - $6300
* 1999 dollar cost

Field Equipment
Infrared Detectors Active Infrared Detectors
Capital Cost is $4.8K - $6K

Passive Infrared Detectors

Capital Cost is $0.4K - $1K
*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Field Equipment

Microwave Detectors Corridors One sensor detects both directions of traffic Include Sensor, Transceiver, Cabinet, Electrical service, and Pole Capital Cost is $8K - $12K O & M Cost is $0.1K - $0.5K / year Intersections One sensor for each leg of four leg intersection Capital Cost is $15K O & M Cost is $0.1K / year *Costs adjusted to 2008 dollar

Field Equipment
Acoustic Detectors

Corridors
Capital Cost is $3.7K - $8.0K O & M Cost is $0.2K - $0.4K / year Low cost equipment consists of the sensor, mounting kit, junction box, & cabinet termination card High cost equipment include basic sensor with solar and wireless option. This option consists of an antenna, solar charger, battery & panel and wireless base station which handles up to eight sensors
*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Field Equipment
Acoustic Detectors Intersections
Four sensors at four leg intersections Capital Cost is $16K - $25.5K O & M Cost is $0.2K - $0.1K / year

*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Field Equipment
Video Camera Detector Video Camera
Cost includes color video camera with pan, tilt, and zoom (PTZ), cabinet, electrical services, encoder/decoder, and installation Capital Cost is $9K - $19K O & M Cost is $1K - $2.3K / year
*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Field Equipment
Video Camera Detector Video Camera Tower
Capital Cost is $4K - $12K Low cost is for a 35 ft tower High cost is for 90 ft tower includes foundation, pole and labor
*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Communications

Wired Communication Wireless Communication

Communications
Wired Communication

Fiber Optic
Capital cost/mile for cable and in-ground installation is $20K - $53K O & M cost/mile is $1K - $2.6K / year

Twisted pair wires

Capital cost/mile is $11K - $16K O & M cost/mile is $2K / year

Communications
Wireless Communication

Microwave
Capital cost is $5K - $19.5K O & M cost is $0.5K - $1K / year

Radio
Capital Cost $8.4K O & M cost is $0.1K - $0.4K / year

Cellular Technology
Low usage cost $0.1K - $0.2K / month Medium usage cost $0.6K - $0.7K / month High usage
Capital cost $0.5K - $0.9K O & M cost $1.2K - $1.8K / month *Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Traffic Management Center

Basic facility Signal control Traffic surveillance Freeway control Integration for regional control Incident detection Incident response Information Dissemination Electronic tolls Rail crossing monitor

Traffic Management Center

Basic Facility & Communication
Based on purchase of building rather than leasing space Communications includes communications equipment internal to the facility such as equipment racks, multiplexers, modems, etc. Large area ( > 750000 pop.)
Capital Cost $4810K - $10994K O & M cost $481K - $1649K / year

Medium area (<750,000 and >250,000 pop.)

Capital Cost $4799K O & M cost $600K - $720K / year

Small area ( <250,000 pop.)

Capital Cost $4199K O & M cost $600K - $630K / year *Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Traffic Management Center

Signal Control
Hardware
Include one server and multiple workstations Capital Cost $15k - $21K O & M Cost $6K - $6.9K / year

Software & Integration

Large urban area Capital Cost $104K - $149K O & M Cost $149K / year *Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Traffic Management Center

Traffic Surveillance
Hardware
Includes processor & software Capital cost $134K 164K O & M cost $6.7K - $8.2K / year

Integration
Capital cost $224K - $273K O & M cost $11.2K - $13.7K / year
*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Traffic Management Center

Freeway Control
Hardware
Includes three workstations Capital cost $6K - $9.0K O & M cost $0.32K - $0.40K / year

Software & Integration

Installation & one year maintenance Capital cost $170K - $208K
*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Traffic Management Center

Integration for Regional Control
Capital cost $294K - $392K Software is COTS

*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Traffic Management Center

Incident Detection
Hardware
Includes four servers, five workstations and two laser printers Capital Cost is $28.3K - $43.9K O & M Cost is $1.0K - 2.0K / year

Software
Software is COTS and includes development cost Capital Cost is $85K - $104K O & M Cost is $4.2K - $5.0K / year *Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Traffic Management Center

Incident Detection
Integration
Capital Cost is $90K - $109K O & M Cost is $4.5K - $5.5K / year

Video Monitors
Includes video wall and monitors Capital Cost is $37K - $67K O & M Cost is $2K $3K / year
*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Traffic Management Center

Incident response
Hardware
Includes one workstation and monitor Capital Cost is $2K - $3K O & M Cost is $0.11K / year

Integration
Capital Cost is $179K - $219K

Software
Software is COTS Capital Cost is $13K - $16K O & M Cost is $0.671K - $0.820K / year *Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Traffic Management Center

Information Dissemination
Hardware
Includes one workstation Capital Cost is $2K - $3K O & M Cost is $0.11K - $0.10K / year

Software
Software is COTS Capital Cost is $18K - $22K O & M Cost is $0.9K - $1K / year

Integration
Capital Cost is $85K - $103K O & M Cost is $4.5K - $5.5K / year *Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Traffic Management Center

Electronic tolls
Software
Software is COTS Capital Cost is $22K - $27K O & M Cost is $1.1K - $1.3K / year

Integration
Capital Cost is $90K - $109K O & M Cost is $4.5K - $5.5K / year
*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Traffic Management Center

Rail Crossing Monitor
Software
Includes software installation and one year maintenance. Software is COTS Capital Cost is $18K - $22K O & M Cost is $1.8K - $2.2K / year

Integration
Capital Cost is $90K - $109K
*Cost adjusted to 2008 dollar

Inter-Departmental Communications
Institutional communications either formal (written) or informal Formal or written agreements are required when multi-agency funding or other resource exchange is involved

Inter-Departmental Communications Multi-Agency Coordination

Three levels of coordination Level One Level Two Level Three

Inter-Departmental Communications Multi-Agency Coordination

LEVEL ONE
There is minimum coordination between agencies Only voice communication This level is state-of-the-practice

Inter-Departmental Communications Multi-Agency Coordination

LEVEL TWO

This level is State-of-the-art Involves Sharing of Data

Video, Signal Timings, Incident & Accident Reports, Weather Information, Construction Information, etc.

Turning Control over to other agencies

under pre-specified and agreed upon conditions After hours operations Major Incidents Special Events

Inter-Departmental Communications Multi-Agency Coordination

LEVEL THREE This is leading edge multi-agency coordination Rarely Achieved in USA - Jointly operated regional TMCs in Houston
(TranStar) and San Antonio (TransGuide)

Involves integrating regional traffic management

Centralized or distributed system that monitors and/or controls traffic

References/Sources
http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov Highway Traffic Operations & Freeway Management State-of-the-practice, 2003, US DOT FHWA Traffic Detection Handbook Volume 1 third edition, 2006, US DOT FHWA www.rita.dot.gov
Developing Freeway and Incident Management Systems Using the National ITS Architecture, by US Department Of Transportation. August 1998.

References/Sources
Developing Intelligent Transportation Systems Using the National ITS Architecture An Executive Edition for Senior Transportation Managers U.S., US Department of Transportation. July 1998. Developing Traffic Signal Control Systems Using the National ITS Architecture, by US Department of Transportation. February 1998 Practical ITS Solutions Traffic Sensing, Monitoring, and Control Traffic Management Centers, by Dr. Eskandarian