BASICS OF GOVERNING

P K CHAKRABORTY

Functions of Governing System

To control the initial run up and synchronization of the machine To control the turbine load when running in parallel with other generating sets. To contain the speed rise within acceptable limits in case of the unit getting disconnected from the load To provide protective gears to ensure the safe operation of the turbine Thus the individual TG governing system imply a need to withstand a full load rejection safely provide appropriate contributions to system frequency control.

CONTROL VALVE

TURBINE

G E N E R A T O R

DISC

SPRING

CONTROL VALVE

TURBINE

GEN

SPRING FLY WEIGHT

SLEEVE n1 H n2 n3
FIXED FULCRUM CONTROL VALVE

max

V 0

WORM GEAR

TURBINE ROTOR

2.5 MM

25 NB LINE

8 BAR

DRAIN

TRANSIENT SPEED RISE

INCREASE OF SPEED ON FULL LOAD THROW OFF 7 TO 9 % OF RATED SPEED RATED SPEED 3000 RPM 3210 TO 3270 RPM

Governing Of Large Reheat Machines

On reheat machines it is necessary to control not only the hp valves but also the interceptor (IP) valves because on a full load rejection the stored steam in the reheater and the associated pipe lines could be sufficient to overspeed the machine to destruction. The characterstics of the IP valves are such that they usually remain fully open over the normal low range of the machine and the governing action is achieved by throttling of the HP valves. This operating regime is known as HP governing & is achieved by giving a fixed bias to the IP valves. However, the reheater control valves comes into action during certain abnormal conditions like fast load rejection or low load conditions with excessively high reheater pressure, with the help of over riding controls provided by features like load sheding relay, IP trimming device etc.

What is Droop?
% of frequency change ( % of RPM change) will lead to full travel of Governing valves or full load change. 5% droop means: 5%*50 Hz= 2.5 Hz Will change 500MW. In terms of output total change should take place is 100%