(PLANNING,ORGANIZING,CONTROLLING)

DP-108-239

PHARMACY are premises licensed for retail sale or supply to hospital which have qualified licensed persons and indulged in compounding. The pharmacy ACT was passed in 1948 which rationalized the pharmacy. The ACT was amended from time to time in 1959 and 1976 HOSPITAL PHARMACY can be defined as hospital pharmacy is a department or service in a hospital under the directions of qualified pharmacists where all medications and related supplies are stocked,dispensed on prescription to in and out patients,supplied to nursing units,manufature bulk and

Hospital pharmacy It mainly concerned with dispensing of medications to pts of hospital. It has much more compounding of injectables,solutions and oral dosage form are in single dosing units.

Retail pharmacy It is concerned with all patients of community. It usually contains monthly supplies of pre-dosed medications

Hospital pharmacy Hospital pharmacist are involved in drug dispensing

Clinical pharmacy Clinical pharmacist are involved in working with patient care and advising doctor and nurses

DP-108-138

 OBJECTIVES To ensure the availability of right medication at right time in right dose at minimum possible cost. To professionalize the functioning of pharmaceutical services in a hospital. To act as a counseling department for medical staff, nurses and for patients. To act as a data bank on drug utilization. To participate in research projects. To coordinate and cooperate with other departments of a hospital. To plan,organize and implement pharmacy policy procedures in keeping with established policies of hospitals.

 To improve the health of public. To expand the buisness of pharmacy. BUDGET:

The budget of pharmacy depends on the size of hospital.As the size of hospital increases,the budget also increases. The total budget of hospital is planned once a year and MANAGER of hospital pharmacy is expected to maintain the pharmacys budget within total finance of hospital.

DP-108-240

 It should be located in hospital premises so that pts and staff can easily approach it. In multi-storeyed building of hospital pharmacy,the pharmacy should be preferably located on ground floor. It should be laid in such a way that there is continuous flow of men and material.

 Lay-out of ideal hospital pharmacy should be as

ASEPTIC AREA

RAW MATERIAL MANUFACTURIN STORES G FINISHED SECTION PRODUCT

PASSAGE
ADMINISTRATIV E SECTION DISPENSING OPEN SPACE

 250 sq.ft is min imum requied area for any sized hospital.

NO OF BEDS
100 bedded hospital 200 bedded hospital 500 bedded hospital

AREA/BED
10 sq.ft/bed 6 sq.ft/bed 5 sq.ft/bed

 In smaller hospitals with one pharmacist only, only one room is required for pharmacy having a combination of dispensing, manufacturing,administrative and all other sections of complete pharmaceutical sciences. In large hospitals with 200 or more beds ,deparmentalization of pharmacy activities is required. A separate room is required for 1. storage 2. Compounding 3. sterile products 4. Drug information services 5. Unit dose dispensing 6. Out pt services 7. In patient services

 Floor should be smooth,easily washable and acidresistant. Walls should be smooth,washable and light colors. Drug cabinets should be of wood or steel. Plenty of windows should be used for day light. Dust-free window blinds should be used. Adequate electric sockets and exhaust for gases should be used.

 In prescription area, office desk with telephone connection and file cabinet should be available. Sectional drawers with cupboard bases should be available. Drug available list should be provided.

PREPARATION AREA:
Worktables for manufacturing of solutions should be available. Sinks with drain board should be available. Empty adjustable shelves should be provided.

 Storage cabinets with proper leveling should be available. Space for loading of wood packs should be provided.

OTHER FACILITIES:
Refrigerator of suitable capacity should be provided. Splits should be provided ton maintain temperature. Dispensing windows sould be available for nurses and out-pts.

DP-108-402

 ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR PHARMACIST-IN-CHIEF SECRETORY PHARMACY Clerk RESIDENTS

Out-pt dispensing dispensing supervisor supervisor

Manufacturing
Control supervisor

In-pt

DIRECTOR OF PHARMACY

ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF PHARMACY 1) ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES DIVISION UNIT DOSE DISPENSING AND ADMINISTRATION STUDY EDUCATION AND TRAINING DIVISION

Research Pharmacist (pharmaceutical Research division) Pharmacist specialist (radiopharmaceutical Division) Pharmacist specialist (drug information Services

Assistant Director of Pharmacist assay and Q.C division sterile product division Central supply division

Assistant Director of pharmacy In patient service division Out patient service division I.V admixture division

Assistant director of pharmacy Departmental services Purchase and inventory control Manufacturing & Assay

DP-108-167

 PURCHASING:
Purchasing means to obtain an item by paying money per its equivalent
In hospital, purchasing authority is assigned to PHARMACIST.

PURCHASING AUTHORITY:

METHODS OF PURCHASING: 1. Purchasing from local retail pharmacy

It involves the purchase in emergency conditions from local retail pharmacy

 In this method,manufacturer submit their bid quotations and pharmacist select the manufacturer with high quality and low price.

CONTRACTPURCHASE (PRIMEVENDOR SYSTEM):

The contract purchase arrangement can be done with manufacturer, wholesaler, or with a company for a hospital supply. In this method,a manufacturer pr supplier enter into contractfor supply of drug products for a specified period of time.

 The delivery of all drugs must be checked against the HOSPITAL PURCHASE ORDER FORMS and any difference b/w ordered and received quantities is recorded. The drugs should be received by pharmacist and place them in PHARMACY RECEIVING AREA. All drugs should be placed into stock promptly upon receipt, and controlled substances must be directly transferred to safes and other secured area.

DP-108-183

 Important considerations for stocking of drugs in pharmacy are: 1.STABILITY-COMPATIBLE STORAGE: Proper storage control in terms of temperature,light,humidity, sanitation and ventilation conditions. Compatible with stability of stored products. 2. SECURE STORAGE: The drug storage areas must be well-secured. Drug shelves and cabinets should be designated so that the drug accessibility is confined to authorized personnel only. 3.SAFE STORAGE: The poisons and inflammable compounds should be stored in safe place. 4.SEGREGATE STORAGE: External medications should be stored separately from internal medications.

 Drugs may be stocked in Alphabetical order Code number sequence Separating the solid dosage form from the remainder According to its use

CONTROL OF NARCOTICS:
Special considerations should be given to control of narcotics. They should be issued on prescription with physicians signature. Complete records of narcotics should be mainatined.

DP-108-198

 A number of techniques are used to manage the inventory.

1. ABC analysis: ABC means ALWAYS BETTER CONTROL.

In big hospital pharmacy, large inventory items are stocked, so they are grouped in 3 categories: I Category A: Includes COSTLY items. ii Category B: Incldes items that are neither costly nor cheap. iii Category C: Includes cheaper items.

 VED analysis means V= VITAL E=ESSENTIAL D=DESIREABLE

ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY(EOQ)

EOQ is used to find out how much quantity of medicine is to be ordered. 3 methods are used to determine EOQ TABULAR DETERMINATION GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ALGEBRIC FORMULA

 A wantbook is a list of items,the pharmacy needs to order. Pharmacits records the product name and quantities.

PRICE STICKERS
Colored price stickers are used to indicate the time period during which a product was received.e.g I. BLUE STICKERS (first 6 months of year) II. RED STICKERS (next 6 months) III. YELLOW STICKERS(first 6 months of next year)

 In this method,minimum and maximum inventory levels are determined. The minimum level of product depends on its REORDER POINT. The maximum level is determined by demand for the product.

STOCK RECORD CARDS(SRCs)

SRCs are used to control inventories of item A. It maintain the records of purchases, inventory and sales of monitored items.

 Comuterized inventory system is widely used nowadays. This system facilitates the pharmacists to maintain the constant control of inventories. In this system, individual products can be updated constantly as purchases and sales are made.

ATTENTION