PENGUKURAN ANTENA

Perkembangan Antena terdiri dari 3 langkah utama:

Perhitungan, Skala Pembuatan (mekanik, teknologi) Pengukuran

Pengukuran Antena paling baik dilakukan ketika antena dalam kondisi sebagai antena penerima.
Hasil percobaan pengukuran terhadap antena masih mengalami beberapa kekurangan.

Mixture of wave types Single wave type

Antena

Reactive nearfield

Nearfield region

Far-Field region

Bidang referensi
jarak
DE : diameter aperture antenna

Antena Ranges

Antenna facilities are categorized as outdoor and indoor ranges Outdoor ranges are not protected from environmental conditions Indoor ranges are limited by space restrictions

In general there are 2 basic types of antenna ranges: the reflection and the free-space ranges.

Reflection Ranges

These ranges are of the outdoor type. Employed in the UHF region for measurements of patterns of moderately broad antennas. Used for systems operating in the UHF to the 16-GHz frequency region

Free-space Ranges

Free-space ranges are designed to suppress the contributions from the surrounding environment and include: Elevated ranges, slant ranges, anechoic chambers, compact ranges and near-field ranges

A. Elevated Ranges

Elevated ranges are designed to operate mostly over smooth terrains. The antennas are mounted on towers or roofs of buildings. These ranges are used to test physically large antennas.

A. Elevated Ranges

B. Slant Ranges

Slant ranges are more compact than elevated ranges in that they require less land.

C. Anechoic Chamber

To provide a controlled environment, an all-weather capability, security, and minimize electromagnetic interference. Indoor tests 2 basic types of anechoic chamber designs:

Rectangular chamber Tapered chamber

Rectangular Chamber

Usually designed to stimulate freespace conditions and maximize the volume of the quiet zone. Assumes that the receiving antenna at the test point is isotropic

Rectangular Chamber

Tapered Chamber

Keterangan: a) pengukuran jarak jauh 1. Reflektor Parabola 3. Test Antena

b) prinsip kerja 2. Horn Antena 4. Dinding kedap suara berbentuk piramid (RF Absorber)

Instrumentation

An antenna range instrumentation must be designed to operate over a wide range of frequencies and usually classified into five categories:

Source antenna and transmitting system Receiving system Positioning system Recording system data-processing system

Pengukuran antena dilakukan terhadap karakteristik elektris dari antena yaitu:

Pattern (amplitude and phase) Directivity Gain Impedance Polarization