GROWTH AND DEVELOPMET OF ADOLESCENcE

By Sajith.S

SALIENT FEATURES OF ADOLESCENCE

Physical, psychological, emotional and social development. Rapid but uneven physical growth and development. Sexual maturity and onset of sexual activity.

SALIENT FEATURES OF ADOLESCENCE

Desire for exploration and experimentation. Development of adult mental process and self-identity. Transition from dependence to relative independence.

STAGES OF ADOLESCENCE
There are 3 main stages;

1.EARLY ADOLESCENCE [10-13 yrs]

2.MID ADOLESCENCE [1416 yrs] 3.LATE ADOLESCENCE [17-19 yrs]

FEATURES OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE

Physical or biological growth

Height and weight Male: approximately 38-60 kg; Female: approximately 40-60 kg Male: approximately 154-172 cm; Female: approximately 153-167 cm

Dentition:
Eruption of second molar

Motor and self-care

Motor function comparable to adult. Eye-hand coordination at adult level possesses manual dexterity.

Sensory
Visual acuity-20/20[adult value].

Psychosocial development
By Erick Ericson Identity vs Role confusion

Psychosexual development
By SIGMUND Freud Genital stage Masturbation

Spiritual Development.
By FOWLER Synthetic-conventional faith

Intellectual or Cognitive, Development

By Jean Piaget. Formal Operational Stage.

Moral development.
By Kohlberg Post conventional stage

 Uses slang within and outside peer group. Uses distinct meanings for words.

Language and speech development

PLAY

ACTIVITIES ACCORDING TO INDIVIDUAL INTREST.

PARTIES. CONVERSATIONS. HELPING OTHERS . EXPRESSIVE ARTS. HOBBIES

MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE
PHYSICAL OR BIOLOGICAL GROWTH MALE :Approximately 50 to 60kg FEMALE: Approximately 42 to 64 kg

Motor and self-care

Motor function comparable to adult.

Sensory
Visual acuity-20/20[adult value].

Psychosocial development
Sense of identity
Egocentrism diminishes. Seperation from parents continues.

Psychosocial development
Hetro sexual relationships continuing.
Verbally attacks parents beliefs and values.

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
Genital stage

SPIRITUAL

Synthetic-conventional faith. Formal operational stage. Expresses concern for education vs. vocational choice.

Play

Engages in organized competitive sports

LATE ADOLESCENCE
Physical or biological growth
Weight & Height

Male: approximately 56-80 kg; Female: approximately 48-72 kg Male: approximately 163-182 cm; Female: approximately 156-170 cm

Dentition:
Eruption of third molar.

Motor and self-care

Motor function comparable to adult.
Eye-hand coordination at adult level possesses manual dexterity.

Sensory
Visual acuity-20/20[adult value].

. Sense of identity.
Hetrosexual common.

Psychosocial development

Sense of intimacy. relationships are

Psychosexual development

Genital stage.

SPIRITUAL
Here the individuals re-examine and reevaluate many of the beliefs and values of their childhood. . Consistent with developmental changes in the value autonomy.

Intellectual or Cognitive, Development

Formal operational thought purses further education or enters the job market.

Moral development
Post-conventional stage. Orientation towards decisions towards conscience.

Physical changes occur during adolescence.

Body make-up:
Boys: Bones and muscles grow and strength increases. Fat lose. Broad shoulders. Voice deepens. Hair starts growing

Physical changes occur during adolescence.

Body make-up:
Girls. Store more fats than boys. Developes wider hips and small waistlines. Change in body odour . Change in voice.

Sexual growth:
Boys
Hair over the pubic area increases in amount, and
becomes darker, thicker, and curlier. At 11 to 12 years of age, the penis and testes begin to enlarge while the scrotum begins to thin out and redden. At about 13 years of age, boys may start making sperm and may ejaculate or have wet dreams.

Sexual growth:
o

Girls: Breasts begin to develop. This usually occurs at 8 to 13 years of age. Around two years later, they usually start menstruating (having a monthly period). Menstrual cycles may be irregular for the first few years. This means that girls may miss monthly periods once in a while. Irregular periods may last for as long as seven years after they begin.

Role of hormones

Health problems of adolescents:

1. Teenage pregnancy
2. Menstrual problems

The common problems are:

Dysmenorrhea Increased bleeding- menorrhagia, polymenorrhea Decreased bleeding- amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, hypomenorrhea Irregular menses- with increased or decreased flow Premenstrual syndrome

3. STD and AIDS among adolescents.

Prevention

Rise the legal age at marriage. Intensive health and sex education programmes. AIDS/HIV awareness campaigns at colleges. Promote counselling, screening and treatment services, contraceptive usage

4. Under nutrition and anaemia

5. Over weight and obesity 6. Eating disorders
7. Mental health and adolescents.

 Emotional problems.

Behavioural Problems

Scholastic issues.

Health needs of the adolescence

1. Nutrition 2. Sex education.

The main objectives of sexual health education are Sexual health education should focus on the total personality development of the individual .It includes physical, social and psychological aspects of sexuality .It will also create the power to make value judgement. Factual, complete and honest information about sex and sexuality.

It enables young people to become responsible in making decisions, helping individuals to acquire and maintain responsible and caring relationships and behaviour. It will help the child to respect self and others.

Why sex education is given to adolescents?

Sex education should be provided to all .However, our resources are limited .Priority is given to adolescents because They have a maximum sex drive They form a high risk group They are eager to get information because of the physical and physiological changes. There common form of misinformation is their friends, blue films and pornographic literature. They are going to be the responsible citizens of tomorrow.

3. Accident Prevention
CAUSE OF DEATH
Motor vehicle crash Suicide Homicide HIV Infection Other injury Other causes

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