Grade 9 Revision Booklet B

Causes of the Great Depression Hoovers responses to the Great Depression FDRs responses to the Great Depression Rise of Dictators in Europe Americas involvement in WWII from Isolationism to Interventionism

Causes of the Wall Street Crash 1929

Poor Distribution of Wealth Wealthy people too rich and poor people have too little money Too many people relied on Credit or easy money Consumers stop buying goods and industry struggles Stock Market Prices too high People speculate on the stock market with savings

Effects of the Crash on America

3 Million Americans lost their jobs Businesses could not borrow money from banks Families stopped being goods and businesses got into greater trouble

Hoovers Responce
Relies on Cooperation with Businesses and Voluntary Action Believed in as little government action as possible Thought unnecessary government action as evil Believed in Rugged Individualism Hoover eventually accepted that his beliefs were wrong passed the Federal Home Building Law to encourage the building of homes and the

Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act 1930

One of Hoovers major efforts to address the economic crisis was the 1930 Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act. Tariffs are fees on imported goods that raise their cost, making it more likely that American purchasers buy cheaper American goods. However this policy was a disaster as it stopped trade with other countries and European countries put similar taxes on American Goods

FDRs Responce
Responds quickly to deal with the crisis Closes all banks in America and only opens 5000, (Healthy Banks) with Government Money (Emergency Banking Act ) Passes regulations to control sale of shares (Securities Exchange Commission) Passes a number of measures to improve the American Economy, known as the New Deal

FDR wanted
Relief - from unemployment, poverty Recovery - of economy Reform - of financial system

New Deal Programs

Federal Emergency Relief Administration
Tried to meet immediate needs of the poor $500 million for soup kitchens, blankets, nursery schools, employment schemes Sought to employ young men Men signed up for six month tours of duty Environmental projects in national parks Most $$$ went to mens families Employed 2.5 million men Set quotas for cereals to slowly increase prices Also helped farmers modernize, conserve soil Extreme cases received mortgage help Overall, very good for farmers, though modernization had unforeseen consequence of putting more farm laborers out of work!

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Agricultural Adjustment Admin. (AAA)

Rise of the Dictators

Dictators rose across Europe because A number of these countries lost in WWI The countries suffered heavily in the Great Depression and had High Unemployment Citizens of these countries wanted their governments to be strong and economically successful

Russia Communism- Stalin

Communism is a political, social, economic system where the government controls everythingmaking sure that all get what they need. Josef Stalin came to power by killing all of his enemies Stalin ordered many soldiers, engineers and teachers who challenged him to be murdered Introduced 5 Year Plans to Industrialize Russia and make it stronger

Italy Fascism- Benito Mussolini

Fascism - Glorification of the all powerful state at the expense of the individual Fascism loves Private Property, Military, Obedience Fascism hates democracy, communism, freedom Benito Mussolini, an ex soldier came to power after the Italian Monarchy collapsed

Germany Nazism - Hitler

Nazism (National Socialism) a political ideology promoting Germanic racial superiority . Said the German nation and the purported "Aryan" race were superior to other races. Hitler immediately started disagreeing with the Treaty of Versailles by
building up his military (militarism) Stopped paying war debts to the allies Hitler also began getting his country ready for war. Began drafting men into the army Made very nationalistic speeches (very pro-German and anti-Semitic, anti-anything other than German)

Americas involvement in the War

America shocked by Hitler in Europe and Japanese in Asia however, they believed Neutrality was best The Neutrality Act of 1939 contained a cash-and-carry provision favoring the Allies.

The Selective Service Act provided for a military draft.

FDR agreed to give Britain battleships in exchange for defense bases.

Land Lease Act provided Britian, Russia and other countries with supplies to help them fight the Germans

FDR wanted war

He identified 4 freedoms the Germans threatened freedom of speech

freedom of worship
freedom from want

freedom from fear

America eventually entered the war because...

German U- Boats sank American merchant ships Hitler would eventually attack America Japan attacked America at Pearl Harbour

Keywords
Black Tuesday G.N.P Great Depression Dust Bowl Tariff Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act Herbert Hoover Shares New Deal FDR Treaty of Versailles Communism Nazism Fascism Isolationism Interventionism Land Lease Act